The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of career resilience in the process of vocational identity formation during job-hunting activities following rejection. Online surveys were conducted before and after job-hunting activities. Data on 93 students who completed both surveys and experienced rejection during job-hunting were analyzed. A model was developed to determine the degree to which the state of career resilience before job hunting influences the level of vocational identity through the job-hunting process. The results of path analysis showed that the ability to cope with problems and changes, optimism about the future, and interest in novelty, all of which are factors in career resilience, promoted cognitive and behavioral change during the job-hunting process, and these in turn promoted vocational identity formation. This finding indicates that it is important to improve the ability to cope with problems and changes, optimism about the future, and interest in novelty before commencing job hunting.