This paper briefly summarizes the purpose of this symposium as an opening address by the conference organizer. Based on a general review of the history of reserch activities in the past fifty years, detailed analysis of three points are proposed as a matter for furthur research. Each of these three points is discussed by other three papers. The first thing to be considered is the systematic mobilization of munitions industries especially in the last stage of the war, then the reaction of private enterprises to the governmental control, finally the mobilization and social integration of the peasantry and small traders.