The present study investigated how the similarity features between texts (i.e., similarity types, causality) and L2 reading proficiency affect EFL learners' reading comprehension through analogical transfer. To clarify the process of analogical transfer as well as the quantity and quality of information comprehension facilitated by this process, a recognition test and recall task were administered. The results showed that analogical transfer occurred in EFL reading comprehension. However, each process in the series was influenced by different factors. Accessing and mapping processes were driven by the causality between texts. Meanwhile, the process of encoding the analogical information to the EFL learners' text representations was mainly driven by the surface similarity between texts. Moreover, it was revealed that the transfer of causal structure from the source analog to the target representation effectively enhances text comprehension, but it requires a certain level of L2 reading proficiency.