Sejarah Lisan Sebagai Teknik Preservasi Pengetahuan: Systematic Literature Review
Oral History as a Knowledge Preservation Technique: Systematic Literature Review
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Sejarah lisan merupakan sebuah teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk mengumpulkan pengetahuan. Sejarah lisan memiliki sejumlah keunggulan untuk namun juga diperdebatkan karena dianggap kurang dapat diandalkan dan hanya dijadikan pelengkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemilihan narator yang diwawancarai, pengetahuan apa saja yang dapat didokumentasikan sejarah lisan, penggunaan media penyimpanan dan tantangan yang dihadapi saat menerapkan sejarah lisan. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literatur review dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Artikel yang terseleksi bersumber dari Scopus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan yang dapat didokumentasikan diantaranya biografi, sejarah yang terkait dengan suatu kota, sejarah bangunan publik, tradisi lisan yang mulai punah, maupun peristiwa berskala besar di dunia. Kemudian sejarah lisan ini disimpan dalam berbagai media penyimpanan, yaitu website atau platform digital, novel, buku, surat kabar, CD/DVD, rekaman audio/visual, dan transkripsi wawancara serta prototype system sejarah lisan. Dari hasil ekstraksi data, dapat diketahui tantangan penerapan sejarah lisan dihadapi pada saat proses pengumpulan data, pengolahan, penyimpanan, maupun pengaksesan. Meski demikian, sejarah lisan tetap memainkan peranan penting untuk pelestarian memori masyarakat.
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