Literature Review: Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency in COVID-19 Patient
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Background: Sun exposure contains ultraviolet light is needed by humans in terms of the formation of active vitamin D. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic implementing the “stay at home” order led to a reduction in sun exposure which may have exacerbated vitamin D deficiency. In COVID-19 patients, Low vitamin D levels are associated with disease severity.
Objectives: This literature study aims to see the effect of vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: A narrative study of literature is collected through several research articles published in the last two years (2020-2022) through the science web such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, dan ProQuest.
Results: Vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 patients causes a high risk of morbidity and mortality and vitamin D levels can be used as a predictor/prognosis of disease severity.
Conclusions: Based on the result of literature study of collected articles, there is an effect of vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 patients.
lmehmadi, M. et al. (2021) ‘Association of vitamin D deficiency with clinical presentation of COVID-19’, European Journal of Inflammation, 19, pp. 1–10. doi: 10.1177/20587392211038315/FORMAT/EPUB.
Alsafar, H. et al. (2021) ‘COVID-19 Disease Severity and Death in Relation to Vitamin D Status among SARS-CoV-2-Positive UAE Residents’, Nutrients, 13(5). doi: 10.3390/NU13051714.
Annweiler, C. et al. (2020) ‘COvid-19 and high-dose VITamin D supplementation TRIAL in high-risk older patients (COVIT-TRIAL): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial’, Trials, 21(1). doi: 10.1186/S13063-020-04928-5.
Asgari, A. et al. (2021) ‘Vitamin D Insufficiency in Disease Severity and Prognosis of the Patients with SARS Corona Virus-2 Infection’, Acta Medica Iranica, 59(11), pp. 662–668. doi: 10.18502/ACTA.V59I11.7779.
Baktash, V. et al. (2021) ‘Vitamin D status and outcomes for hospitalised older patients with COVID-19’, Postgraduate medical journal, 97(1149), pp. 442–447. doi: 10.1136/POSTGRADMEDJ-2020-138712.
Chiodini, I. et al. (2021) ‘Vitamin D Status and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes’, Frontiers in public health, 9. doi: 10.3389/FPUBH.2021.736665.
Daramatasia, W. (2012) ‘Peran Vitamin D Dalam Regulasi Sistem Imunitas Melalui Sel Dendritik’, Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Media Husada, 1(1), pp. 55–76. doi: 10.33475/jikmh.v1i1.80.
Demir, M., Demir, F. and Aygun, H. (2021) ‘Vitamin D deficiency is associated with COVID‐19 positivity and severity of the disease’, Journal of Medical Virology, 93(5), p. 2992. doi: 10.1002/JMV.26832.
Gholi, Z. et al. (2022) ‘Vitamin D deficiency is Associated with Increased Risk of Delirium and Mortality among Critically Ill, Elderly Covid-19 Patients’, Complementary therapies in medicine, 70. doi: 10.1016/J.CTIM.2022.102855.
Jacobs, E. T. et al. (2008) ‘Vitamin D insufficiency in southern Arizona’, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87(3), pp. 608–613. doi: 10.1093/AJCN/87.3.608.
Jenei, T. et al. (2022) ‘COVID-19 mortality is associated with low vitamin D levels in patients with risk factors and/or advanced age’, Clinical Nutrition Espen, 47, p. 410. doi: 10.1016/J.CLNESP.2021.11.025.
Katz, J., Yue, S. and Xue, W. (2021) ‘Increased risk for COVID-19 in patients with vitamin D deficiency’, Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 84, p. 111106. doi: 10.1016/J.NUT.2020.111106.
Mazziotti, G. et al. (2021) ‘Vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism and respiratory insufficiency in hospitalized patients with COVID-19’, Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 44(10), pp. 2285–2293. doi: 10.1007/S40618-021-01535-2/FIGURES/2.
Mithal, A. et al. (2009) ‘Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D’, Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 20(11), pp. 1807–1820. doi: 10.1007/S00198-009-0954-6.
De Niet, S. et al. (2022) ‘Positive Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial’, Nutrients, 14(15). doi: 10.3390/NU14153048.
Nimitphong, H. and Holick, M. F. (2013) ‘Vitamin D status and sun exposure in southeast Asia’, Dermato-endocrinology, 5(1), p. 34. doi: 10.4161/DERM.24054.
Ohaegbulam, K. C. et al. (2020) ‘Vitamin D Supplementation in COVID-19 Patients: A Clinical Case Series’, American journal of therapeutics, 27(5), pp. e485–e490. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001222.
Pusparini, P. (2018) ‘DEFISIENSI VITAMIN D TERHADAP PENYAKIT (Vitamin D Deficiency and Diseases)’, INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY, 21(1), p. 90. doi: 10.24293/IJCPML.V21I1.1265.
Radujkovic, A. et al. (2020) ‘Vitamin D Deficiency and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients’, Nutrients 2020, Vol. 12, Page 2757, 12(9), p. 2757. doi: 10.3390/NU12092757.
Schaafsma, A. et al. (2013) ‘Design of the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS): a four-country multistage cluster design study’, The British journal of nutrition, 110 Suppl 3(SUPPL.3). doi: 10.1017/S0007114513002067.
Science, M. et al. (2013) ‘Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and risk of upper respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents’, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 57(3), pp. 392–397. doi: 10.1093/CID/CIT289.
Seal, K. H. et al. (2022) ‘Association of Vitamin D Status and COVID-19-Related Hospitalization and Mortality’, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 37(4), p. 853. doi: 10.1007/S11606-021-07170-0.
Singh, S. et al. (2021) ‘Prevalence of Low Level of Vitamin D Among COVID-19 Patients and Associated Risk Factors in India - A Hospital-Based Study’, International journal of general medicine, 14, pp. 2523–2531. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S309003.
Sooriyaarachchi, P. et al. (2021) ‘Impact of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19’, Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 44, pp. 372–378. doi: 10.1016/J.CLNESP.2021.05.011.
Sulli, A. et al. (2021) ‘Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients’, Nutrients, 13(3), pp. 1–13. doi: 10.3390/NU13030717.
Vera, V., Setiati, S. and Roosheroe, A. G. (2015) ‘Determinan Diagnostik Klinis Defisiensi Vitamin D pada Wanita Berusia Lebih dari 50 Tahun’, undefined, 2(1), p. 38. doi: 10.7454/JPDI.V2I1.94.
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