A papillate tubificinae oligochaete, Peloscolex yamaguchii BRINKHURST, 1971, is redescribed under the new combination name, Embolocephalus yamaguchii based on the newly collected specimens from the type locality, Lake Biwa in central Japan. This species is distinguished from its congeners by having white and less papillate swelling bands on body wall in preclitellar segments, simple pointed ventral chaetae of II through VI-VIII segments, and asymmetrical and independent spermathecal chaetal sacs together with spermathecal chaetae.