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摘要:
花岗岩岩浆中的H2O含量通过影响熔体物理化学性质, 进而控制了花岗岩岩浆的结晶粒度、岩浆侵位深度以及某些金属元素迁移、富集的过程。因此, 对花岗岩熔体包裹体开展H2O含量的定量研究具有重要的地质意义。目前, 测试花岗岩岩浆中H2O含量的方法可分为间接估算和直接测量两种方法。间接估算法, 如利用花岗岩熔体的粘度和岩浆中H2O溶解度模型进行岩浆H2O含量估算, 其H2O含量数据的准确性严重依赖于花岗岩熔体组成、熔体包裹体精确的温压参数; 直接测量法, 如利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、电子探针(EPMA)、二次离子探针(SIMS)等对熔体包裹体H2O含量直接开展原位微区分析, 这些测试技术具有样品制备繁琐、H2O容易泄漏、红外光谱分析光斑大, 测试结果受控因素较多等特点, 容易降低测试精度。激光拉曼测试法作为直接测量法中的重要技术, 具有样品制备简单, 原位、无损分析测试的特点, 本文认为激光拉曼在花岗岩岩浆H2O含量的定量研究中具有较好的应用和推广前景。今后, 可尝试建立热液金刚石压腔+激光拉曼原位检测熔体包裹体H2O含量的测试方法。
Abstract:The H2O content in granitic melts has an important influence on the physical-chemical properties of the melts, and thus it controls the crystallinity and emplacement depth of the granitic magmas, and the migration and enrichment process of some metal elements. Therefore, it is of great geological significance to quantify the H2O contents in melt inclusions hosted in minerals of granite. At present, the quantification methods of H2O content in granitic magma include indirect estimation and direct measurement. The data accuracy for indirect estimating H2O contents depends on the granitic melt composition and temperature-pressure data of melt inclusions. The H2O contents of melt inclusion from granite could be measured through in-situ analysis techniques including FTIR, EPMA, and SIMS as well. However, these methods involve potential technique problems or limitations, such as the sample preparation being complicated, potential H2O leakage upon homogenization of melt inclusions, and many other factors affecting the precision of H2O contents. Raman spectra is characterized by simple samples preparation, in-situ and nondestructive analysis, that can determine H2O contents in melt inclusions. As a result, we propose that the Raman spectroscopy is useful and has a good potential in quantifying the H2O contents in granitic magmas. We can try to explore a new method which based on the Hydrothermal Diamond-anvil Cell+Raman Spectroscopy to in-situ test the H2O contents in granitic magma in the future.
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Key words:
- Granitic magma /
- H2O content /
- Laser Raman /
- Silicate melt inclusion /
- Mineralization
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图 1
含水矿物分解产生H2O的花岗岩浆的固相线(据Hyndman, 1981修改)
Figure 1.
Solidus for granitic magma for conditions under which all of the water is supplied by breakdown of a hydrous mineral with melting (modified after Hyndman, 1981)
图 2
含角闪石、黑云母和白云母的源岩脱水熔融的温压条件及相应熔体固结时的理想侵位深度(据Varlamoff, 1978修改)
Figure 2.
Roughly conditions for partial melting of amphibole-, biotite- and muscovite-bearing protoliths and its corresponding relationship between expected level of the granite emplacement (modified after Varlamoff, 1978)
图 3
温度-H2O二元关系图(据Thomas and Davidson, 2012)
Figure 3.
Schematic temperature and water concentration diagram for the system aluminosilicate-water (after Thomas and Davidson, 2012)
图 4
由熔体包裹体化学组分、临界直径和均一温度计算岩浆粘度和扩散率的示意图(据Thomas, 1994)
Figure 4.
Relationship between chemistry, melt inclusion diameter and the Stokes-Einstein equation between viscosity and diffusion (after Thomas, 1994)
图 5
某一花岗岩中熔体粘度(a)和熔体包裹体的临界直径(b)与熔体包裹体均一温度的关系
Figure 5.
Relationship between melt viscosity (a), critical melt inclusion diameters (b) and inclusion homogenization temperature in a granite
图 6
偏铝质花岗岩中H2O饱和的固相线和液相线(据Holtz and Johannes, 1994; Holtz et al., 2001)
Figure 6.
Water-saturated solidus curve and liquidus curves for given amounts of H2O in natural subaluminous granitic system with minimum compositions (solid lines) and eutectic compositions (dashed lines) (after Holtz and Johannes, 1994; Holtz et al., 2001)
图 7
含流体相硅酸盐熔体包裹体的相变P-T轨迹(据Hurai et al., 2015)
Figure 7.
P-T curve for phase transition of silicate melt inclusions (after Hurai et al., 2015)
图 8
利用熔体包裹体均一实验数据和岩浆中H2O溶解度模型估算H2O含量的示意图(据Poutiainen and Scherbakova, 1998修改)
Figure 8.
Diagram show the H2O contents estimated by melt inclusion homogenization temperature and magma H2O solubility (modified after Poutiainen and Scherbakova, 1998)
图 9
利用花岗岩岩浆H2O溶解度模型估算甲基卡锂矿床似伟晶岩中H2O含量(据Deng et al., 2022)
Figure 9.
Diagram for estimating the H2O contents of the granite-marginal pegmatite (GMP) melt in the Jiajika lithium deposit based on granitic melt H2O-saturated model (after Deng et al., 2022)
图 10
三个伟晶岩石英中硅酸盐熔体包裹体的H2O拉曼光谱(据Thomas et al., 2000)
Figure 10.
Raman spectra of the H2O within the silicate melt inclusion in the quartz from three pegmatites (after Thomas et al., 2000)
图 11
合成玻璃H2O、D2O含量与其3100~3750cm-1、2250~2900cm-1之间拉曼光谱强度的线性关系
Figure 11.
Correlation between H2O and D2O concentrations in synthetic glasses and the integral intensity between 3100~3750cm-1 and 2250~2900cm-1, respectively
图 12
三个不同地方样品的熔体包裹体H2O含量与包裹体埋深的关系(数据据Thomas et al., 2006)
Figure 12.
Calculated apparent water concentration vs. the inclusion depth for the melt inclusions from three different examples (data from Thomas et al., 2006)
图 13
不同H2O含量玻璃标样在Horiba JY公司的Xplore型拉曼检测出的拉曼图谱
Figure 13.
Raman spectra for varied H2O contents of glass standards at Xplore-type Raman in Horiba JY lab
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