Geological characteristic and discussion on metallogenic age of the West 509-Daoban Li-Be rare metal deposit in the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt
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摘要:
西昆仑大红柳滩稀有金属矿田是近年来新发现的稀有金属矿田，其中509道班西锂铍稀有金属矿床以其高品位、超大型而引人关注，但其地质特征和成矿时代研究较少。野外地质调查发现，509道班西矿床内含矿的伟晶岩脉和三叠纪岩体密切相关，两者都侵位于三叠系复理石沉积变质砂岩中；详细的填图和勘探成果揭示，矿床无矿伟晶岩、含矿伟晶岩分带明显。含锂辉石伟晶岩脉中白云母40Ar/39Ar测年数据显示矿物结晶年龄为188Ma，表明区域环境冷却到350℃的时间长达30Myr，这一热环境有利于花岗岩-伟晶岩体系的演化和结晶。结合区域古特提斯造山事件（210~200Ma）的演化历史，认为西昆仑-喀喇昆仑在188Ma时处于碰撞后伸展的构造环境，为大红柳滩稀有金属矿田元素富集成矿创造了有利条件。这一认识对区域成矿潜力评价、找矿勘查具有现实意义。
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关键词:
- 40Ar/39Ar年龄 /
- 成矿动力学 /
- 大红柳滩稀有金属矿田 /
- 西昆仑
Abstract:The Dahongliutan rare metal ore field in the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt was found in the recent years. The West 509-Daoban Li-Be rare metal deposit in this ore field has drawn geologist' attention for its high grade and super-large ore reserves. However, the geological and metallogenic age of this deposit remain controversial. Field observations have revealed that the ore-bearing pegmatites in the West 509-Daoban deposit is closely related to the Triassic magmatic rocks, and they are both emplaced into the Triassic flysch-like meta-sedimentary sequences. Detailed mapping and exploration results show that the pegmatite veins in the deposit have obvious ore-bearing zonation, which can be divided into non-ore pegmatite and ore-bearing pegmatite. The 40Ar/39Ar dating data of muscovite in spodumen-bearing pegmatite veins show that their crystallization age is 188Ma, indicating that regional temperature for this area kept as 350℃ for 30Myr, and this thermal environment is conducive to the evolution and crystallization of granite-pegmatite system. In combination of the regional orogeny (ca. 210~200Ma) of the Paleo-Tethys, the geological features as well as the ore-forming ages demonstrate that the tectonic environment of West Kunlun and Karakunlun was post-collision extension at 188Ma, which is a favorable condition for the element enrichment and mineralization in Dahongliutan rare metal ore field. This understanding has practical significance for regional metallogenic potential evaluation and prospecting.
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Key words:
- 40Ar/39Ar ages /
- Metallogenic dynamics /
- Dahongliutan rare metal ore field /
- West Kunlun
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图 1
西昆仑地区大地构造位置图(a，据乔耿彪等，2020修改)、大红柳滩区域地质图(b)及509道班西锂铍稀有金属矿矿区地质简图(c，据王核等, 2021修改)
Figure 1.
Geotectonic position in the West Kunlun (a, modified after Qiao et al., 2020), regional geological map of Dahongliutan (b) and geological sketch of the West 509-Daoban Li-Be rare metal deposit (c, modified after Wang et al., 2021)
图 2
509道班西锂铍稀有金属矿0号勘探线剖面(据新疆维吾尔自治区有色地质勘查局地质矿产勘查研究院，2021①)
Figure 2.
No.0 exploration section of the West 509-Daoban Li-Be rare metal deposit
图 3
509道班西锂铍稀有金属矿矿石手标本及镜下照片
Figure 3.
Hand specimens (a) and microscopic photos (b-f) of the West 509-Daoban Li-Be rare metal deposit
图 4
509道班西锂铍稀有金属矿床野外露头照片
Figure 4.
Outcrop field photographs of the West 509-Daoban Li-Be rare metal deposit
图 5
白云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄谱图(左)及对应的反等时线年龄图(右)
Figure 5.
40Ar/39Ar plateau ages (left) and inverse isochron ages (right) of the muscovite from the pegmatite veins in the West 509-Daoban Li-Be rare metal deposit
图 6
大红柳滩地区花岗岩及伟晶岩年龄统计直方图
Figure 6.
Statistical histogram of ages of granites and pegmatites in Dahongliutan area
表 1
大红柳滩509道班西稀有金属矿床伟晶岩脉中白云母40Ar/39Ar同位素分析结果
Table 1.
40Ar/39Ar isotopic data of muscovite from the pegmatite veins in the West 509-Daoban Li-Be rare metal deposit
T(℃) 
1σ 
1σ 
1σ 
±2σ 40Ar(r) 39Ar(k) Age ±2σ (%) (%) (Ma) TC00-1 680 79.925759 0.172304 0.008032 0.003001 0.162259 0.001185 31.97745 ±0.70082 40.01 2.77 106.87 ±2.27 760 50.030716 0.081632 0.003998 0.000750 0.018072 0.000165 44.68924 ±0.17479 89.32 15.35 147.65 ±0.55 800 47.772960 0.076875 0.001127 0.000377 0.005105 0.000082 46.26282 ±0.15647 96.84 18.85 152.64 ±0.50 840 46.845106 0.076712 0.000604 0.000290 0.002759 0.000083 46.02820 ±0.15861 98.26 21.40 151.90 ±0.50 880 46.854147 0.077423 0.000592 0.000765 0.004268 0.000128 45.59128 ±0.16865 97.30 9.18 150.51 ±0.53 920 47.987733 0.161955 0.000000 0.001703 0.007994 0.000296 45.62373 ±0.35906 95.07 4.95 150.61 ±1.14 1020 48.182621 0.079417 0.000000 0.000835 0.007198 0.000208 46.05413 ±0.19537 95.58 9.49 151.98 ±0.62 1050 48.922500 0.079039 0.002877 0.000800 0.008702 0.000150 46.34965 ±0.17371 94.74 8.23 152.91 ±0.55 1080 49.826440 0.081743 0.005868 0.001827 0.012171 0.000453 46.22893 ±0.30740 92.78 5.73 152.53 ±0.97 1130 50.486513 0.082677 0.007353 0.002366 0.015179 0.000445 46.00039 ±0.30256 91.11 3.21 151.81 ±0.96 1200 63.443146 0.158740 0.000000 0.015688 0.060274 0.002566 45.63060 ±1.53117 71.92 0.69 150.64 ±4.85 1400 238.145096 2.188581 0.133891 0.061484 0.665413 0.010824 41.52864 ±5.33486 17.44 0.14 137.60 ±17.02 DHN-1 680 149.491601 0.386995 0.000000 0.035750 0.257663 0.002855 73.35060 ±1.68539 49.07 1.02 184.19 ±4.02 750 96.751796 0.189296 0.363139 0.012653 0.073950 0.001346 74.94618 ±0.84861 77.44 2.27 188.00 ±2.02 810 96.103463 0.185453 0.180698 0.006887 0.076097 0.000874 73.63900 ±0.58604 76.61 3.89 184.88 ±1.40 850 82.172067 0.140509 0.000000 0.003509 0.024437 0.000270 74.94932 ±0.30183 91.21 7.24 188.00 ±0.72 890 76.961326 0.130062 0.000835 0.000692 0.004958 0.000079 75.49479 ±0.25960 98.09 26.91 189.30 ±0.62 920 76.022609 0.129246 0.003790 0.001319 0.003875 0.000103 74.87636 ±0.26199 98.49 15.62 187.83 ±0.62 950 77.299472 0.137661 0.000000 0.002622 0.005825 0.000224 75.57655 ±0.30034 97.77 8.87 189.50 ±0.71 980 78.560232 0.156780 0.000000 0.002250 0.009760 0.000300 75.67447 ±0.35188 96.33 5.32 189.73 ±0.84 1030 78.642323 0.148527 0.000000 0.005094 0.010000 0.000416 75.68578 ±0.37813 96.24 4.19 189.76 ±0.90 1090 76.927345 0.145500 0.000000 0.001982 0.006674 0.000184 74.95351 ±0.30445 97.43 11.43 188.01 ±0.73 1200 77.705019 0.135420 0.002140 0.001544 0.009418 0.000149 74.92064 ±0.27583 96.42 12.37 187.94 ±0.66 1400 114.955130 0.316953 0.000000 0.021970 0.139281 0.002036 73.79614 ±1.25143 64.20 0.87 185.26 ±2.99 DHN-2 680 115.242382 0.229536 0.030520 0.022978 0.172954 0.001645 64.13686 ±0.98775 55.65 1.60 165.23 ±2.43 750 91.744754 0.163502 0.000000 0.009267 0.058876 0.000961 74.34520 ±0.62534 81.03 2.49 190.19 ±1.52 810 89.232409 0.156912 0.000000 0.005950 0.056029 0.000556 72.67426 ±0.41601 81.44 3.74 186.13 ±1.01 860 81.242318 0.139949 0.008638 0.002647 0.027649 0.000301 73.07169 ±0.30855 89.94 8.83 187.10 ±0.75 900 75.738590 0.149078 0.001122 0.001023 0.006897 0.000098 73.69908 ±0.29694 97.31 25.33 188.62 ±0.72 930 74.827812 0.121482 0.001628 0.001160 0.004257 0.000106 73.56846 ±0.24703 98.32 17.43 188.30 ±0.60 960 75.833766 0.148360 0.001984 0.002443 0.007018 0.000234 73.75863 ±0.32107 97.26 8.73 188.77 ±0.78 1000 76.737548 0.132343 0.006843 0.004281 0.010387 0.000361 73.66764 ±0.33236 96.00 4.82 188.54 ±0.81 1050 76.265871 0.127257 0.008336 0.005368 0.009068 0.000430 73.58573 ±0.35370 96.49 6.16 188.35 ±0.86 1100 75.607949 0.129375 0.000000 0.002725 0.008031 0.000231 73.23325 ±0.28569 96.86 8.96 187.49 ±0.69 1200 75.249253 0.126955 0.000000 0.001560 0.005985 0.000165 73.47914 ±0.26654 97.65 11.12 188.09 ±0.65 1400 107.698356 0.360497 0.000000 0.028027 0.121730 0.002396 71.72597 ±1.48129 66.60 0.80 183.82 ±3.61 
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表 2
大红柳滩地区花岗岩及伟晶岩年龄统计表
Table 2.
Statistical ages of granites and pegmatites in Dahongliutan area
岩体或地层名称 岩性 测年方法 测年结果 误差 文献 (Ma) 奇台达坂 英云闪长岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 214.7 2 赵江林等, 2017 奇台达坂 石英闪长岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 211.3 3.3 赵江林等, 2017 奇台达坂 花岗闪长岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 210.6 2.8 赵江林等, 2017 阿克萨依 闪长岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 216.7 1.8 魏小鹏等, 2018 俘虏沟 石英闪长岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 213.7 2 魏小鹏等, 2018 白龙山 花岗闪长岩 锆石U-Pb 212.3 1.6 王核(未发表) 509道班西 石英闪长岩 锆石U-Pb 211.3 3.3 谭克彬等, 2021 大红柳滩 闪长岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 209.9 1.3 Liu et al., 2020 大红柳滩 二云母花岗岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 209.6 1.5 魏小鹏等, 2017 大红柳滩 黑云母二长花岗岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 214 1.8 丁坤等, 2020 三十里营房-康西瓦 黑云母二长花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 210 3.4 刘金菊, 2014 奇台达坂 黑云母二长花岗岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 213 2.2 魏小鹏等, 2018 三十里西 黑云母二长花岗岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 215.7 1.7 魏小鹏等, 2018 三十里 黑云母二长花岗岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 216 1.3 魏小鹏, 2018 509道班西 二云二长花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 208.8 1.7 谭克彬等, 2021 大红柳滩 二长花岗岩 SHRIMPI锆石U-Pb 220 2.2 乔耿彪等, 2015 大红柳滩 二长花岗岩 SHRIMPI锆石U-Pb 217.4 2.2 乔耿彪等, 2015 白龙山 二云母花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 208.3 1.5 王核(未发表) 509道班西 二云母二长花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 208.8 1.7 谭克彬等, 2021 大红柳滩 二长花岗岩 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 198.9 1 Liu et al., 2020 大红柳滩 锂辉石伟晶岩 LA-MC-ICP-MS锡石U-Pb 223.5 7.9 李侃等, 2019 白龙山 伟晶岩 铌钽矿U-Pb 208.1 1.5 王核(未发表) 大红柳滩锂矿90脉(阿克塔什) 花岗伟晶岩脉 LA-ICP-MS铌铁矿U-Pb 211.9 2.4 Yan et al., 2018 大红柳滩锂矿90脉(阿克塔什) 花岗伟晶岩脉 LA-ICP-MS锡石U-Pb 218 12 Yan et al., 2018 康西瓦 伟晶岩脉 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 209.4 4.4 张泽等, 2019 白龙山 花岗伟晶岩脉 独居石U-Pb 207.4 0.6 王核(未发表) 509道班西 花岗伟晶岩脉 独居石U-Pb 200.8 1.6 谭克彬等, 2021 大红柳滩 伟晶岩 锆石U-Pb 196.1 1 Liu et al., 2020 白龙山 锂辉石伟晶岩 独居石U-Pb 195.2 1.5 Liu et al., 2020 大红柳滩锂矿90脉(阿克塔什) 花岗伟晶岩 40Ar-39Ar 144.7 4.3 乔耿彪等, 2020 509道班西 锂辉石伟晶岩 白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄 151.96 1.57 本文 509道班西 锂辉石伟晶岩 白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄 188.89 1.94 本文 509道班西 锂辉石伟晶岩 白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄 188.35 1.91 本文 509道班西 锂辉石伟晶岩 白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄 184.59 1.81 李永等, 2022 509道班西 锂辉石伟晶岩 白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄 179.36 1.84 李永等, 2022 509道班西 不含矿伟晶岩 白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄 182.79 1.85 李永等, 2022 509道班西 不含矿伟晶岩 白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄 181.95 1.89 李永等, 2022 康西瓦群 变形的淡色岩脉 LA-ICP-MS独居石U-Pb 209.3 1.3 Zhang et al., 2019 康西瓦群 石榴黑云片岩 LA-ICP-MS独居石U-Pb 205.8 1.2 Zhang et al., 2019
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