Spectral introductions of typical minerals during the periods of skarn formation and evolution at Zhuxi tungsten polymetallic deposit in Jiangxi Province
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摘要:
朱溪是近年来在江西塔前-赋春成矿带发现的一个世界级超大型钨铜矿床。本文采用短波红外+热红外光谱技术对矿区13个钻孔进行了光谱测量，结合岩石-矿物地球化学分析，探讨了朱溪矿床矽卡岩中典型蚀变矿物的形成与演化过程，厘定了矽卡岩形成不同阶段矿物组合的光谱特征，构建了朱溪矿床的短波红外+热红外光谱勘查模型。研究发现：(1)区内不同矿物组合形成了明显的蚀变分带，由内向外依次为绢云母(富Si)+长石(岩体顶层蚀变，多期流体叠加综合作用)→外矽卡岩：钙铝榴石+透辉石+(绢云母)→透辉石+蛇纹石+绿泥(帘)石+滑石→绢云母(富Al)+绿泥(帘)石(基底不整合面蚀变)；(2)Al-OH波长的移动可指示成矿流体压力、温度及pH值的变化；(3)研究区透辉石的形成、演化与矿体之间关系密切，虽然富矿体赋存于矽卡岩形成早期的透辉石-石榴子石蚀变带，但大量矿体则赋存于矽卡岩退蚀变阶段的蛇纹石-绿泥石蚀变带；(4)矿体的形成与流体的混合作用关系极大，伊利石光谱吸收特征能够指示外部冷水(大气降水或地下水)的灌入轨迹。
Abstract:The Zhuxi tungsten polymetallic giant deposit is located in the Taqian- Fuchun metallogenic belt, Jiangxi Province. By measuring 13 drill cores with SWIR and TIR spectroscopy combined with geochemical analysis, we discussed the formation and evolution process of typical skarn minerals in the Zhuxi deposit, summarized their spectral characteristics, and constructed a spectral exploration model. It was found that: (1) different mineral assemblages form obvious alteration zones, i.e., sericite+feldspar (the top layer of the rock mass, caused by multistage fluid superposition probably) → grossular+diopside+(sericite) → diopside+serpentine+chlorite (epidote+talc) → sericite+chlorite (epidote) (alteration on the basement); (2) the shift of the Al-OH wavelength 2200nm can indicate the changes in pressure, temperature, and pH value of the ore-forming fluid; (3) diopside formation and evolution have a close relationship with ore bodies. Bonanza occurs in the grossular+diopside alteration zone, and a large number of ore bodies occur in the serpentine+chlorite alteration zone. It evidenced the importance of the fluid mixing and cooling for mineralization. The ore body emerged in the early stage of skarn formation, but the real enrichment stages occurred in the retrograde alteration stage; (4) the mixing fluid plays a key role in forming the deposit, and the illite spectrum can indicate the trace of the external cold water (atmospheric precipitation or groundwater).
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Key words:
- Zhuxi /
- Skarn /
- Shortwave infrared (SWIR) /
- Thermal infrared (TIR) /
- Alteration
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图 2
钻孔ZK4211矿物蚀变特征
Figure 2.
The mineral assemblages measured by SWIR (a) and TIR(b), scatter diagram WO3 grade of (c) and Cu grade changes (d) with core depth, lithology distribution (e), and relationship between stratum and alteration minerals (f) of core ZK4211
图 3
钻孔ZK4211中石英的实测光谱曲线(a)、特征波长-钻孔深度变化散点图(b)、光谱吸收深度-钻孔深度变化散点图(c)及波长变化正态QQ图(d)
Figure 3.
The measured spectral curve (a), scatter diagram of wavelength vs. depth (b), absorption depth vs. depth (c) and QQ plot (d) of quartz in the core ZK4211
图 4
不同端元石榴子石热红外波谱特征曲线(引自TSG光谱数据库)
Figure 4.
The spectral curves from the TSG TIR database showing the garnets with different end-members
图 5
主要矽卡岩矿物镜下及光谱特征曲线图
Figure 5.
Pictures of the skarn minerals under microscope and diagrams of spectrum measured by TIR and SWIR spectroscope
图 6
绿泥石矿物镜下及光谱特征曲线图
Figure 6.
Pictures of chlorite under microscope and diagrams of spectrum measured by SWIR spectroscope
图 7
研究区A-A′(左)和B-B′(右)剖面精细蚀变填图
Figure 7.
Alteration mapping of the profiles of A-A′ (left) and B-B′ (right)
图 8
钻孔ZK4211矿物特征波长吸收深度及矿体WO3品位随钻孔深度变化散点图
Figure 8.
Scatter plots of spectral absorption depth and WO3 grade against core depth in ZK4211
图 9
钻孔ZK4211中辉石双吸收峰波长-孔深关系图
Figure 9.
Relationship between wavelength of pyroxene double absorption peaks and depth in drill hole ZK4211
图 10
钻孔ZK4211不同蚀变矿物空间展布图
Figure 10.
The distribution of alteration minerals interpreted by SWIR and TIR
图 12
二八面体云母类矿物晶体空间转化示意图(据Laukamp，2014)
Figure 12.
Mineral space of mica like di-octahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates ("10Å phases") (modified after Laukamp, 2014)
图 13
成矿环境要素光谱反演示意图
Figure 13.
The cold water route and temperature, pressure and pH variation according to the wavelength characteristics with ~2200nm
图 14
朱溪矽卡岩型白钨矿床蚀变分带模型
Figure 14.
Alteration zoning model of Zhuxi skarn-type WO3 deposit
表 1
钻孔ZK4211岩心样品EPMA分析结果(wt%)
Table 1.
EPMA analysis results of core samples from ZK4211 (wt%)
深度(m) Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 K2O CaO TiO2 Cr2O3 MnO FeO Total 矿物识别 970 0.00 19.31 0.087 54.33 0.00 27.30 0.01 0.01 0.023 0.53 101.60 980 0.07 16.89 0.206 53.24 0.03 25.17 0.13 0.03 0.085 2.19 98.05 透辉石 990 0.12 15.17 0.82 52.58 0.06 23.11 0.02 0.05 0.60 4.47 97.00 1082 0.10 0.98 0.128 46.73 0.00 23.65 0.02 0.07 3.23 24.76 99.66 钙铁辉石 1649 0.00 12.59 0.46 51.66 0.00 24.04 0.00 0.07 0.93 7.80 97.55 1778 0.06 17.46 0.28 52.69 0.01 25.74 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.34 96.74 1786 0.00 15.89 0.219 53.66 0.01 25.66 0.00 0.00 1.224 3.61 100.28 透辉石 1787 0.03 17.81 0.414 52.59 0.00 26.48 0.00 0.03 0.32 0.99 98.68 1789 0.00 19.46 0.053 54.70 0.01 25.90 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.16 100.31 
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