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摘要:
位于喜马拉雅东构造结的南迦巴瓦地块经历了复杂的构造变形、强烈的变质和深熔作用，是研究碰撞造山过程中地壳深熔作用的重要对象。完整地厘定新生代晚期岩浆作用期次对于揭示南迦巴瓦地区的构造演化历史和深部过程具有重要意义。南迦巴瓦地块3件淡色花岗岩样品的锆石U-Pb定年结果显示该地块经历了11.30±0.16Ma和2.59±0.04Ma两期地壳深熔作用，可能与南迦巴瓦地块晚新生代快速隆升和剥蚀相关。南迦巴瓦地块保存了大量的~11Ma变质作用和地壳深熔作用记录指示该时间段为构造活动剧烈期。上新世晚期的淡色花岗岩表明，穹窿的隆升和剥蚀所导致的岩浆作用至少持续到了~2.59Ma，代表了南迦巴瓦地区一次年轻的构造岩浆事件。
Abstract:The Namche Barwa massif, located in the eastern tectonic junction of Himalayan Orogen, has experienced complex tectonic deformation, intensive metamorphism and anatexis which resulted in various types of leucogranites to investigate the nature of crustal anatexis during the tectonic evolution of collision orogenic belts. Knowledge of the timing of such crustal anatexis in rapidly exhumed high grade metamorphic terranes like the Namche Barwa is important to understand the feedback of rapid near-surface processes (erosion and denudation) and those relatively deep processes (high-T metamorphism and partial melting). Zircon U-Pb dating of three leucogranite samples from the Namche Barwa yields that this block has experienced two episodes of young crustal anatexis (11.30±0.16Ma and 2.59±0.04Ma, respectively), which may be related to rapid denudation and uplift of the Namche Barwa in the Late Cenozoic. A number of studies have demonstrated that various rock types in the Namche Barwa have experienced a major episode of metamorphism and crustal anatexis at~11Ma, indicating intense tectonic activities in this period. Occurrence of leucogranite of late Pliocene in age further suggests that the anatectic processes caused by rapid denudation and uplift in this massif lasted at least to~2.59Ma.
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Key words:
- Leucogranite /
- Zircon U-Pb /
- Crustal anatexis /
- Namche Barwa Block /
- Himalayan orogen
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图 1
藏南南迦巴瓦地区地质简图(据Zeng et al., 2012；赵令浩等, 2020修改)
Figure 1.
Simplified geological map of the Namche Barwa, southern Tibet (modified after Zeng et al., 2012; Zhao et al., 2020)
图 2
南迦巴瓦地区淡色花岗岩野外露头和显微照片
Figure 2.
Field photos and microphotographs of leucogranites from the Namche Barwa
图 3
南迦巴瓦地区淡色花岗岩样品的锆石阴极发光图像(CL)和U-Pb定年结果
Figure 3.
Cathodoluminescence (CL) images and U-Pb analysis on zircon grains of leucogranites from the Namche Barwa
图 4
南迦巴瓦地区淡色花岗岩样品的锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图和年龄分布图
Figure 4.
U-Pb concordia and age distribution diagrams for zircon grains of leucogranites from the Namche Barwa
图 5
南迦巴瓦地区中新世-上新世代表性样品的锆石U-Pb年龄频率图
Figure 5.
Plot of zircons U-Pb age probability of Miocene-Pleistocene samples from the Namche Barwa
表 1
南迦巴瓦地区花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年数据
Table 1.
LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analytical results of zircon grains of granites from the Namche Barwa area
测点号 Pb Th U Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma) 谐和度 (×10-6) 
±1σ 
±1σ 
±1σ 
±1σ 
±1σ 
±1σ (%) T0558淡色花岗岩 -01 60.7 356.7 845.9 0.42 0.0590 0.0016 0.3693 0.0100 0.0453 0.0009 568.4 58.1 319.1 7.4 285.8 5.6 89% -02 3.0 8.7 1141 0.01 0.0571 0.0039 0.0325 0.0022 0.0041 0.0001 494.0 145.7 32.5 2.1 26.6 0.7 80% -03 175.6 1152 1582 0.73 0.0603 0.0016 0.6143 0.0160 0.0739 0.0015 613.7 55.4 486.3 10.1 459.4 8.9 94% -04 2.1 21.2 2647 0.01 0.0505 0.0020 0.0123 0.0005 0.0018 0.0000 218.2 89.9 12.4 0.5 11.4 0.2 92% -05 2.7 25.0 1715 0.01 0.0534 0.0025 0.0160 0.0007 0.0022 0.0001 344.3 102.6 16.2 0.7 14.0 0.3 85% -06 2.2 36.2 2219 0.02 0.0526 0.0049 0.0127 0.0011 0.0018 0.0001 312.5 198.0 12.8 1.2 11.3 0.3 88% -07 99.1 672.7 723.3 0.93 0.0585 0.0016 0.6701 0.0177 0.0830 0.0017 548.8 57.0 520.8 10.8 514.1 9.9 99% -08 84.8 563.2 692.7 0.81 0.0576 0.0015 0.6459 0.0171 0.0813 0.0016 514.1 57.8 506.0 10.6 503.8 9.7 100% -09 30.3 191.5 231.0 0.83 0.0575 0.0017 0.6299 0.0179 0.0794 0.0016 509.8 62.4 496.1 11.2 492.7 9.6 99% -10 13.5 81.2 1283 0.06 0.0557 0.0017 0.0661 0.0020 0.0086 0.0002 440.1 67.3 65.0 1.9 55.2 1.1 84% -11 153.2 805.3 1584 0.51 0.0606 0.0016 0.4241 0.0111 0.0507 0.0010 626.6 56.1 359.0 7.9 318.8 6.2 88% -12 80.0 406.4 663.7 0.61 0.0584 0.0016 0.6059 0.0162 0.0752 0.0015 543.8 58.1 481.0 10.3 467.6 9.0 97% -13 293.1 1738 2126 0.82 0.0602 0.0016 0.6590 0.0170 0.0794 0.0016 609.9 55.5 514.0 10.4 492.4 9.4 96% -14 15.3 542.5 2603 0.21 0.0478 0.0014 0.0490 0.0015 0.0074 0.0002 90.4 70.6 48.6 1.4 47.7 1.0 98% -15 55.7 218.6 708.4 0.31 0.0593 0.0016 0.6066 0.0162 0.0741 0.0015 578.2 57.7 481.4 10.2 461.1 8.9 96% -16 37.0 171.6 268.8 0.64 0.0572 0.0016 0.6481 0.0183 0.0821 0.0017 499.1 62.5 507.3 11.3 508.7 9.8 100% -17 19.8 92.9 143.0 0.65 0.0583 0.0018 0.6604 0.0202 0.0822 0.0017 538.9 67.4 514.9 12.3 509.1 10.0 99% -18 15.4 50.4 3421 0.01 0.0539 0.0023 0.0297 0.0013 0.0040 0.0001 364.8 94.0 29.7 1.2 25.7 0.6 86% -19 69.4 367.2 584.9 0.63 0.0578 0.0016 0.6078 0.0163 0.0762 0.0015 522.1 59.0 482.2 10.3 473.5 9.1 98% -20 53.7 265.3 500.0 0.53 0.0591 0.0016 0.5533 0.0151 0.0679 0.0014 569.0 59.1 447.1 9.8 423.6 8.2 95% -21 2.5 23.8 3139 0.01 0.0464 0.0026 0.0116 0.0006 0.0018 0.0000 18.5 130.3 11.7 0.7 11.7 0.3 100% -22 160.5 1150 1268 0.91 0.0588 0.0015 0.6161 0.0164 0.0760 0.0015 557.9 56.2 487.4 10.3 472.5 9.3 97% -23 2.7 50.6 3334 0.02 0.0516 0.0021 0.0122 0.0005 0.0017 0.0000 265.8 92.1 12.3 0.5 11.0 0.2 89% -24 36.2 687.9 4508 0.15 0.0542 0.0015 0.0569 0.0016 0.0076 0.0002 378.2 60.1 56.2 1.5 48.9 1.0 86% -25 3.4 88.8 3442 0.03 0.0508 0.0027 0.0122 0.0006 0.0017 0.0000 232.9 116.0 12.3 0.6 11.2 0.3 91% -26 1.5 50.1 2136 0.02 0.0455 0.0029 0.0109 0.0007 0.0017 0.0000 0.1 117.6 11.0 0.7 11.2 0.3 98% -27 2.7 43.6 2790 0.02 0.0522 0.0039 0.0126 0.0009 0.0018 0.0001 295.2 162.1 12.7 0.9 11.3 0.3 88% -28 32.4 233.0 154.1 1.51 0.0577 0.0017 0.6756 0.0200 0.0849 0.0018 518.3 63.9 524.1 12.1 525.3 10.4 100% -29 1.0 38.0 1110 0.03 0.0553 0.0047 0.0128 0.0011 0.0017 0.0001 422.7 180.8 12.9 1.1 10.8 0.3 82% -30 6.9 79.3 2170 0.04 0.0655 0.0031 0.0287 0.0013 0.0032 0.0001 790.0 95.4 28.7 1.3 20.5 0.5 67% -31 99.6 753.8 742.7 1.01 0.0593 0.0016 0.6686 0.0181 0.0818 0.0017 576.8 57.4 519.9 11.0 507.0 9.9 97% -32 26.8 183.0 236.9 0.77 0.0578 0.0016 0.5992 0.0170 0.0752 0.0015 520.8 61.0 476.7 10.8 467.6 9.2 98% -33 5.5 44.3 2435 0.02 0.0717 0.0029 0.0242 0.0010 0.0025 0.0001 978.3 79.4 24.3 0.9 15.8 0.4 58% -34 102.1 742.5 908.8 0.82 0.0596 0.0016 0.6457 0.0172 0.0786 0.0016 589.2 56.2 505.8 10.6 487.6 9.5 96% -35 1.3 48.6 1703 0.03 0.0506 0.0050 0.0123 0.0012 0.0018 0.0001 223.1 213.5 12.4 1.2 11.4 0.4 92% -36 1.7 40.3 1924 0.02 0.0431 0.0023 0.0105 0.0005 0.0018 0.0000 0.1 0.0 10.6 0.6 11.4 0.3 93% -37 49.4 326.9 363.0 0.90 0.0586 0.0016 0.6810 0.0186 0.0843 0.0017 552.6 58.3 527.4 11.3 521.5 10.2 99% -38 2.6 46.2 2335 0.02 0.0516 0.0052 0.0128 0.0013 0.0018 0.0001 265.5 216.1 13.0 1.3 11.6 0.4 89% -39 26.4 183.3 1741 0.11 0.0566 0.0016 0.0965 0.0027 0.0124 0.0003 476.6 60.6 93.6 2.5 79.2 1.6 83% -40 67.8 496.7 780.2 0.64 0.0594 0.0016 0.4494 0.0123 0.0549 0.0011 582.4 57.9 376.9 8.6 344.3 6.8 91% -41 53.1 490.2 3568 0.14 0.0574 0.0015 0.1546 0.0042 0.0195 0.0004 504.7 58.5 145.9 3.7 124.8 2.5 84% -42 73.9 495.0 1122 0.44 0.0583 0.0016 0.4415 0.0121 0.0549 0.0011 540.6 59.1 371.3 8.5 344.6 6.8 93% -43 1.4 35.9 1588 0.02 0.0518 0.0035 0.0126 0.0008 0.0018 0.0000 275.1 146.8 12.7 0.8 11.4 0.3 89% -44 32.1 203.2 307.3 0.66 0.0571 0.0016 0.5674 0.0158 0.0720 0.0015 496.0 60.7 456.3 10.3 448.4 8.8 98% -45 52.2 315.8 587.0 0.54 0.0584 0.0016 0.5774 0.0156 0.0718 0.0015 543.9 57.7 462.8 10.0 446.7 8.7 96% T0560淡色花岗岩 -01 0.6 156.8 3512 0.04 0.04459 0.00316 0.00250 0.00017 0.00041 0.00001 0.1 86.1 2.5 0.2 2.6 0.1 96% -02 1.0 188.0 5892 0.03 0.05032 0.00241 0.00280 0.00013 0.00040 0.00001 210.0 107.4 2.8 0.1 2.6 0.1 93% -03 1.0 96.5 2658 0.04 0.05372 0.00431 0.00502 0.00039 0.00068 0.00002 359.2 171.2 5.1 0.4 4.4 0.1 85% -04 1.6 279.6 8169 0.03 0.05165 0.00213 0.00290 0.00012 0.00041 0.00001 270.1 91.8 2.9 0.1 2.6 0.1 89% -05 0.7 200.6 4457 0.05 0.04405 0.00285 0.00251 0.00016 0.00041 0.00001 0.1 43.7 2.5 0.2 2.7 0.1 92% -06 0.4 68.1 1640 0.04 0.04922 0.00524 0.00280 0.00029 0.00041 0.00001 158.1 231.6 2.8 0.3 2.7 0.1 96% -07 0.7 165.1 3272 0.05 0.05177 0.00335 0.00283 0.00018 0.00040 0.00001 275.4 141.6 2.9 0.2 2.6 0.1 89% -08 1.0 240.1 5994 0.04 0.04529 0.00231 0.00261 0.00013 0.00042 0.00001 0.1 78.6 2.6 0.1 2.7 0.1 96% -09 1.5 271.3 8347 0.03 0.05108 0.00214 0.00290 0.00012 0.00041 0.00001 244.3 93.6 2.9 0.1 2.6 0.1 89% -10 0.9 244.2 5453 0.04 0.04832 0.00251 0.00270 0.00014 0.00040 0.00001 115.1 118.3 2.7 0.1 2.6 0.1 96% -11 1.2 8.6 4387 0.00 0.05076 0.00275 0.00465 0.00025 0.00066 0.00002 229.9 120.3 4.7 0.3 4.3 0.1 91% -12 0.4 50.9 2080 0.02 0.05074 0.00501 0.00260 0.00025 0.00037 0.00001 228.8 213.0 2.6 0.3 2.4 0.1 92% -13 0.1 0.7 85.9 0.01 0.04457 0.05472 0.00517 0.00611 0.00084 0.00028 0.1 1610.7 5.2 6.2 5.4 1.8 96% -14 32.0 623.8 448.6 1.39 0.05073 0.00155 0.16779 0.00511 0.02398 0.00049 228.5 69.0 157.5 4.5 152.7 3.1 97% -15 0.3 33.7 1810 0.02 0.04459 0.00506 0.00262 0.00029 0.00043 0.00001 0.1 178.6 2.7 0.3 2.7 0.1 100% -16 0.4 76.6 2231 0.03 0.04493 0.00447 0.00254 0.00025 0.00041 0.00001 0.1 166.5 2.6 0.3 2.6 0.1 100% -17 1.1 159.3 6309 0.03 0.04897 0.00231 0.00264 0.00012 0.00039 0.00001 146.4 107.1 2.7 0.1 2.5 0.1 92% -18 1.3 187.9 6611 0.03 0.05421 0.00245 0.00293 0.00013 0.00039 0.00001 379.5 98.0 3.0 0.1 2.5 0.1 82% -19 0.3 26.0 1546 0.02 0.05240 0.00573 0.00291 0.00030 0.00040 0.00002 303.0 231.4 2.9 0.3 2.6 0.1 89% -20 0.3 70.6 1857 0.04 0.05311 0.00510 0.00288 0.00027 0.00039 0.00001 333.5 203.8 2.9 0.3 2.5 0.1 85% T0561-7花岗岩脉 -01* 7.5 20.8 45.5 0.46 0.0990 0.0076 0.7292 0.0527 0.0534 0.0018 1606.2 137.4 556.1 30.9 335.2 11.1 50% -02 10.8 31.1 35.6 0.87 0.0656 0.0026 1.2407 0.0473 0.1372 0.0030 792.5 80.5 819.2 21.4 828.7 16.9 99% -03 72.8 148.5 506.0 0.29 0.0704 0.0019 1.3237 0.0352 0.1364 0.0027 939.2 54.7 856.1 15.4 824.1 15.3 96% -04* 3.1 93.4 2339 0.04 0.0578 0.0025 0.0179 0.0008 0.0023 0.0001 520.5 92.8 18.0 0.8 14.5 0.3 78% -05 93.2 185.0 662.1 0.28 0.0818 0.0022 1.5567 0.0404 0.1379 0.0027 1241.4 51.1 953.2 16.0 833.0 15.3 87% -06* 1.0 135.0 2513 0.05 0.1044 0.0131 0.0061 0.0007 0.0004 0.0000 1703.5 214.4 6.1 0.7 2.7 0.2 23% -07 92.0 187.3 539.6 0.35 0.0780 0.0021 1.7104 0.0444 0.1590 0.0031 1146.3 52.0 1012.4 16.6 951.4 17.3 94% -08 165.6 367.7 559.0 0.66 0.0801 0.0021 2.0813 0.0537 0.1885 0.0037 1198.4 51.3 1142.7 17.7 1113 20.0 97% -09 0.5 9.9 389.2 0.03 0.0431 0.0061 0.0191 0.0027 0.0032 0.0001 0.1 159.9 19.2 2.6 20.7 0.7 92% -10 0.3 0.9 294.8 0.00 0.0426 0.0084 0.0131 0.0025 0.0022 0.0001 0.1 240.3 13.2 2.5 14.3 0.7 92% -11* 12.1 25.6 815.2 0.03 0.0743 0.0025 0.1552 0.0049 0.0152 0.0003 1049.3 65.0 146.5 4.3 96.9 2.0 59% -12 2.3 15.4 2833 0.01 0.0489 0.0023 0.0117 0.0005 0.0017 0.0000 145.1 108.5 11.8 0.5 11.1 0.2 94% -13* 5.8 18.3 246.7 0.07 0.0667 0.0023 0.3601 0.0118 0.0392 0.0008 827.3 69.4 312.3 8.8 247.7 5.0 77% -14 23.5 76.2 59.1 1.29 0.0708 0.0025 1.4355 0.0478 0.1470 0.0030 952.9 69.1 903.8 19.9 883.9 17.1 98% -15 258.2 348.5 636.0 0.55 0.0991 0.0027 3.6090 0.0964 0.2642 0.0052 1606.4 50.7 1551.5 21.2 1511 26.4 97% -16 0.8 166.6 5292 0.03 0.0443 0.0040 0.0024 0.0002 0.0004 0.0000 0.1 112.5 2.5 0.2 2.6 0.1 96% -17* 486.5 745.7 4111 0.18 0.0879 0.0023 1.6705 0.0423 0.1378 0.0027 1381.1 49.4 997.4 16.1 832.1 15.1 82% -18* 2.9 11.1 2122 0.01 0.0688 0.0031 0.0186 0.0008 0.0020 0.0000 892.9 89.0 18.7 0.8 12.6 0.3 61% -19 154.8 325.0 456.1 0.71 0.0790 0.0021 2.1197 0.0549 0.1946 0.0038 1172.2 52.2 1155.2 17.9 1146 20.4 99% -20 1.8 288.1 8711 0.03 0.0499 0.0031 0.0027 0.0002 0.0004 0.0000 188.6 137.2 2.7 0.2 2.5 0.1 92% 注：*表示测点数据为非谐和数据，未采用 
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表 2
喜马拉雅造山带中新世-上新世野外样品主要信息
Table 2.
The main information of Miocene-Pleistocene field samples form Himalayan orogen
序号 岩性 采样地点 年龄(Ma) 测年方法 测年矿物 数据来源 1 片岩、片麻岩、角闪岩、变粒岩 南迦巴瓦地区 21.04~1.23 K-Ar 长石、黑云母、角闪石 章振根等, 1992 2 花岗岩 南迦巴瓦地区 3.82~0.31
11.25~8.33裂变径迹 磷灰石 丁林等, 1995 3 层状片麻岩 南迦巴瓦地区 1.1~0.9
2.6~2.5裂变径迹 磷灰石
锆石Burg et al., 1997, 1998 4 变闪长岩 南迦巴瓦地区 23.2~8.8 40Ar/39Ar 角闪石 Ding et al., 2001 5 淡色花岗岩 纳木那尼 12.0~7.2 40Ar/39Ar 黑云母、白云母 Murphy et al., 2002 6 淡色花岗岩、千枚岩、片岩等 南迦巴瓦地区 23.1~6.6 40Ar/39Ar 角闪石、黑云母、白云母等 Zhang et al., 2004b 7 角闪岩
白云质岩墙南迦巴瓦地区 1.56
5.5, 3. 640Ar/39Ar
K-Ar角闪石
金云母Liu et al., 2006 8 二云母花岗岩 定日地区 11.3~9.6 U-Th/He 锆石 Mahéo et al., 2007 9 片麻岩、沉积物 南迦巴瓦地区 18.8~0.3 U-Th/He 锆石 Seward and Burg, 2008 10 片麻岩、糜棱岩、花岗岩等 南迦巴瓦地区 ~2.5, ~1.3 40Ar/39Ar 角闪石、黑云母、白云母、钾长石 龚俊峰等, 2008 11 片麻岩、斜长角闪岩 南迦巴瓦地区 18.8~0.3 U-Th/He 磷灰石、锆石 刘婷, 2020 12 片麻岩 南迦巴瓦地区 ~10.4 40Ar/39Ar 黑云母 Zeitler et al., 2014 13 片麻岩、糜棱岩、花岗岩等 南迦巴瓦地区 23.2~1.4 40Ar/39Ar 黑云母 Gong et al., 2015 14 淡色花岗岩 萨迦穹窿 10.6~10.1 U-Pb 独居石 Schärer et al., 1986 15 淡色花岗岩 库拉岗日地区 ~12.5 Th-Pb 独居石 Edwards and Harrison, 1997 16 淡色花岗岩 瓦姐拉岩体 ~11.7 U-Pb 独居石 Wu et al., 1998 17 石榴辉石麻粒岩 南迦巴瓦地区 21~11.1 U-Pb 锆石 Ding et al., 2001 18 花岗岩 南迦巴瓦地区 10~3 U-Pb 锆石 Booth et al., 2004 19 淡色花岗岩 萨迦穹窿 ~14.4 U-Pb 锆石、独居石 张宏飞等, 2004; Zhang et al., 2004a 20 花岗岩 南迦巴瓦地区 14~2.9 U-Pb 锆石 Booth et al., 2009 21 淡色花岗岩 阿玛直米(定结)地区 11.6，11.5 U-Pb 独居石 Cottle et al., 2009 22 淡色花岗岩 阿玛直米(定结)地区 ~11.1 U-Pb 独居石 Kali et al., 2010 23 淡色花岗岩 萨迦穹窿 ~9.7 U-Pb 磷钇矿 King et al., 2011 24 钙硅酸盐岩 南迦巴瓦地区 8.8~8.1 U-Pb 锆石 Zhang et al., 2012 25 二云母花岗岩 萨迦穹窿 ~14.2 U-Pb 锆石 Lee et al., 2006 26 淡色花岗岩 然巴穹窿 9.4~7.6 U-(Th)-Pb 锆石、独居石、磷钇矿 Liu et al., 2014 27 淡色花岗岩 萨迦穹窿 11.6~9.6 U-Pb 锆石 胡古月等, 2016 28 直白角闪岩、斜长角闪岩 南迦巴瓦地区 22.8~10.4 U-Pb 锆石 Peng et al., 2018 29 变泥质岩 南迦巴瓦地区 14~3 U-Pb 独居石 Peng et al., 2021 30 淡色花岗岩 南迦巴瓦地区 11.30±0.16
2.59±0.04U-Pb 锆石 本文
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