Abstract
This study considers Matthew Arnold’s “The Scholar Gipsy” within the liminal-limioid theoretical grounds touched upon by Victor Turner and Friedrich Max Müller. The body of discussion focuses on the metapoetic aspect of the art of poetry in relation to liminal-liminoid projections featured within Arnold’s poem. The main argument is that liminal projections within the poem transform into a liminoid and metapoetic space where the essential core of the art of poetry itself is revealed as the product of a liminoid process. The figure of the scholar-gipsy who left Oxford hundreds of years ago and joined a gipsy tribe in pursuit of greater knowledge is animated by means of the speaker’s recalling the now-gipsy-scholar’s story in the poem. Such a summons becomes an eternal symbol of the kind of metapoetic relationship between the speaker and his liminoidly inspiring source. Metapoetic and liminoid connections are further layered with the inescepable presence of a timeless reader bound neither by space nor by time. Thus, boundaries between source-material, speaker, poet, the art of poetry, inspiration and the reader are stretched, where Arnold’s whole metapoetic-liminoid process binds all humanity together by means of the same poetic and re-creative liminoid play.
References
- Allott, Kenneth, Miriam F. A, Eds. The Poems of Matthew Arnold. Longman, 1979. Print.
- Arnold, Matthew. God and the Bible. MacMillan & Co. 1875. Internet Archive. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. Literature and Dogma. MacMillan. 1873. Internet Archive. Web. 14 Jan. 2014.
- ApRoberts, Ruth. Arnold and God. U of California P, 1983. Print.
- Bell, Catherine. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. Oxford UP, 1992. Print.
- --Ritual Perspectives. Oxford UP, 2009, Print.
- Bristow, Joseph. The Victorian Poet: Poetics and Persona. Croom Helm, 1987. Print.
- --. “‘Love, let us be true to one another’: Matthew Arnold, Arthur Hugh Clough, and ‘our Aqueous Ages’” Literature and History 3.4 (1995): 27-49. Victorian Poets: A Critical Reader, Ed. Valentine Cunningham. Wiley & sons (2014): 333-357. E-book.
- Bump, Jerome. “The Victorian Radicals: Time, Typology, and Ontology in Hopkins, Pusey, and Müller”. Victorian Religious Discourse. Ed. Jude V. Nixon. 27-49. Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Print.
- Collini, Stefan. Arnold. Oxford UP, 1988. Print.
- Culler, A. Dwight. Imaginative Reason: The Poetry of Matthew Arnold. Yale UP. 1966. Print.
- Davis, John R. & Angus Nicholls. "Friedrich Max Müller: The Career and Intellectual Trajectory of a German Philologist in Victorian Britain". The English Goethe Society. tandfonline. Web. 07 Nov. 2016.
- Drew, Philip. “Matthew Arnold and the Passage of Time”. The Major Victorian Poets: Reconsiderations. Nebraska UP. 199-225. Routledge & Kegan 1969.
- Fernandez, James W. “The Disease of Language and The Language of Disease”. Radcliff Brown Lecture. 2001. U of Chicago. Web.
- Fiske, John. Understanding Popular Culture. 1989. Routledge. Print.
- Harrison, Antony. “Matthew Arnold’s Gipsies: Intertextuality and the New Historicism.” Victorian Poetry. 29:4 (1991): 365-83. Victorian Poets: A Critical Reader, Ed. Valentine Cunningham. Wiley & sons (2014): 95-117. E-book.
- Johnson, E. D. H. The Alien Vision of Victorian Poetry. Princeton UP. 1952. Print.
- Johnson, Stacy W. The Voices of Matthew Arnold. Yale UP. 1961. Print.
- Madden, William Anthony. Matthew Arnold: A Study of the Aesthetic Temperament in Victorian England. Indiana UP, 1967. Print.
- Moldstad, David. “The Imagination in The Vanity of Dogmatizing and "The Scholar- Gipsy": Arnold's Reversal of Glanvill”. Victorian Poetry. 25. 2. (1987) 159-172. West Virginia UP. JSTOR. Web. 14 March 2015
- Müller, Friedrich Max. Natural Religion (Collected Works I). Longmans, 1907. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
- --. Anthropological Religion. Longmans, 1898. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
- -- Origin and Growth of Religion. Longmans, 1901. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
- --Chips from a German Workshop (Vol. II) Longmans, 1868. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
- -- Lectures on the Science of Language. 1861. Internet Archive. Web. 20 April 2015.
- --Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion.1878. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015
- -- Introduction to the Science of Religion.1873. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015
- Pearson, Gabriel. “The Importance of Arnold’s Merope” The Major Victorian Poets: Reconsiderations. U of Nebraska P. 225-253. Routledge & Kegan 1969.
- Riede, David G. Matthew Arnold and the Betrayal of Language. Virginia UP, 1988. Print.
- Scott, Nathan A. The Poetics of Belief. Studies in Coleridge, Arnold, Pater, Santanaya, Stevens, and Heidegger. U of North Caroline P. 1985. Print.
- Stewart, Susan. Poetry and the Fate of the Senses. U of Chicago P, 2002. Print.
- Storey, John. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture. Routledge. 2010. E-book.
- Turner, Victor. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Aldine, 2008 (1969). Print.
- --Dramas, Fields, Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Cornell UP, 1974. Print.
- -- “Liminal to Liminoid, in Play, Flow, and Ritual: An Essay in Comparative Symbology”. Rice University. (Open Resource) (1974): 53-92. Web. 25 June 2017.
- Van Gennep, Arnold. The Rites of Passage. U of Chicago P, 1960. Print.
- Wheeler-Barclay, Marjorie. The Science of Religion in Britain: 1860-1915. U of Virginia P. 2010. Print.
Abstract
Bu çalışma Matthew Arnold’un “The Scholar Gipsy” (Oxford’lu Alim-Çingene) şiirini Victor Turner ve Friedrich Max Müller’in aradalık zeminini tartışmaya açan kuramları kapsamında ele almaktadır. Çalışmada şiirsel yaratının iç süreçlerini ifşa eden liminal-liminoid yansımalar arasındaki dönüşüm irdelenmektedir. Yüzyıllar önce Oxford üniversitesini terk ederek çingeneler arasına karışan ve çok daha kapsayıcı bir bilginin peşine düşen alim çingenenin hikâyesi ile bu macerayı çağlar sonra şiirin sesiyle anarak yeniden var eden belirsiz bir ozan arasındaki ilişki dikkat çekicidir. Bu ilişkiye bir de zaman ve mekânın bağlayıcılığına tabi olmayan fakat kendisini dünyada konumlandırabilmek adına şiire ve hikayeye her daim bağımlı bulunan mefhum bir okuyucu boyutu eklendiğinde, kaynak-şair-ozan-okuyucu arasındaki liminal-liminoid dönüşüm biçimleri çok daha belirginleşmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı liminal durumun şiir ve anlatı meselesinde tekrar ve tekrar liminoid durumları doğurduğunu gösterebilmektir. Bu yönüyle Arnold’un eseri şiir-yaratı sanatını liminal ve liminoid arasındaki mecburi ve doğurgan bir devinim şeklinde sunarken, bu sürecin bütün bir insanoğlunu şiir ve hikâye yoluyla birbirine bağladağının da altını çizmektedir.
References
- Allott, Kenneth, Miriam F. A, Eds. The Poems of Matthew Arnold. Longman, 1979. Print.
- Arnold, Matthew. God and the Bible. MacMillan & Co. 1875. Internet Archive. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. Literature and Dogma. MacMillan. 1873. Internet Archive. Web. 14 Jan. 2014.
- ApRoberts, Ruth. Arnold and God. U of California P, 1983. Print.
- Bell, Catherine. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. Oxford UP, 1992. Print.
- --Ritual Perspectives. Oxford UP, 2009, Print.
- Bristow, Joseph. The Victorian Poet: Poetics and Persona. Croom Helm, 1987. Print.
- --. “‘Love, let us be true to one another’: Matthew Arnold, Arthur Hugh Clough, and ‘our Aqueous Ages’” Literature and History 3.4 (1995): 27-49. Victorian Poets: A Critical Reader, Ed. Valentine Cunningham. Wiley & sons (2014): 333-357. E-book.
- Bump, Jerome. “The Victorian Radicals: Time, Typology, and Ontology in Hopkins, Pusey, and Müller”. Victorian Religious Discourse. Ed. Jude V. Nixon. 27-49. Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Print.
- Collini, Stefan. Arnold. Oxford UP, 1988. Print.
- Culler, A. Dwight. Imaginative Reason: The Poetry of Matthew Arnold. Yale UP. 1966. Print.
- Davis, John R. & Angus Nicholls. "Friedrich Max Müller: The Career and Intellectual Trajectory of a German Philologist in Victorian Britain". The English Goethe Society. tandfonline. Web. 07 Nov. 2016.
- Drew, Philip. “Matthew Arnold and the Passage of Time”. The Major Victorian Poets: Reconsiderations. Nebraska UP. 199-225. Routledge & Kegan 1969.
- Fernandez, James W. “The Disease of Language and The Language of Disease”. Radcliff Brown Lecture. 2001. U of Chicago. Web.
- Fiske, John. Understanding Popular Culture. 1989. Routledge. Print.
- Harrison, Antony. “Matthew Arnold’s Gipsies: Intertextuality and the New Historicism.” Victorian Poetry. 29:4 (1991): 365-83. Victorian Poets: A Critical Reader, Ed. Valentine Cunningham. Wiley & sons (2014): 95-117. E-book.
- Johnson, E. D. H. The Alien Vision of Victorian Poetry. Princeton UP. 1952. Print.
- Johnson, Stacy W. The Voices of Matthew Arnold. Yale UP. 1961. Print.
- Madden, William Anthony. Matthew Arnold: A Study of the Aesthetic Temperament in Victorian England. Indiana UP, 1967. Print.
- Moldstad, David. “The Imagination in The Vanity of Dogmatizing and "The Scholar- Gipsy": Arnold's Reversal of Glanvill”. Victorian Poetry. 25. 2. (1987) 159-172. West Virginia UP. JSTOR. Web. 14 March 2015
- Müller, Friedrich Max. Natural Religion (Collected Works I). Longmans, 1907. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
- --. Anthropological Religion. Longmans, 1898. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
- -- Origin and Growth of Religion. Longmans, 1901. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
- --Chips from a German Workshop (Vol. II) Longmans, 1868. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
- -- Lectures on the Science of Language. 1861. Internet Archive. Web. 20 April 2015.
- --Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion.1878. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015
- -- Introduction to the Science of Religion.1873. Internet Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2015
- Pearson, Gabriel. “The Importance of Arnold’s Merope” The Major Victorian Poets: Reconsiderations. U of Nebraska P. 225-253. Routledge & Kegan 1969.
- Riede, David G. Matthew Arnold and the Betrayal of Language. Virginia UP, 1988. Print.
- Scott, Nathan A. The Poetics of Belief. Studies in Coleridge, Arnold, Pater, Santanaya, Stevens, and Heidegger. U of North Caroline P. 1985. Print.
- Stewart, Susan. Poetry and the Fate of the Senses. U of Chicago P, 2002. Print.
- Storey, John. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture. Routledge. 2010. E-book.
- Turner, Victor. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Aldine, 2008 (1969). Print.
- --Dramas, Fields, Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Cornell UP, 1974. Print.
- -- “Liminal to Liminoid, in Play, Flow, and Ritual: An Essay in Comparative Symbology”. Rice University. (Open Resource) (1974): 53-92. Web. 25 June 2017.
- Van Gennep, Arnold. The Rites of Passage. U of Chicago P, 1960. Print.
- Wheeler-Barclay, Marjorie. The Science of Religion in Britain: 1860-1915. U of Virginia P. 2010. Print.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 28, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 20 Issue: 4 |
