ISHS Acta Horticulturae 726: IV International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds
DETERMINATION OF HEAT REQUIREMENTS FOR PISTACHIO TWIG BORER MOTH, KERMANIA PISTACIELLA. |
| Author: | M. Bassirat |
| Keywords: | pistachio pests, Pistacia vera, minimum threshold temperature, cumulative effective temperature, forecasting |
| DOI: | 10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.726.86 |
| Abstract:
The pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lep.: Tineidae) is one of the most important pests of cultivated pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.) in Iran. This study was carried out in order to determine heat requirements for different developmental stages of this pest. Two pistachio orchards with high level of infestation to pistachio twig borer were selected in Rafsanjan. The emergence period for pupal cocoon and adult were recorded in two pistachio orchards through four years. Minimum threshold temperatures were calculated according to the least coefficient of variation method for different developmental stages. Cumulative effective temperatures were calculated for different percentages of pupal cocoon and adult emergence. Results showed that emergence period of pupal cocoon started in late February and ended in early April. Adult emergence occurred from late March until late April; however it peaked at April 13th until to 18th. Minimum threshold temperatures for larvae to pupal cocoon, larvae to adult and pupal cocoon to adult were obtained 10°C 11°C and 12°C respectively. Cumulative effective temperatures for occurrence of 50% pupal cocoon and 50% adult emergence from overwintering larvae under field conditions were 73.6 and 182.3 degree-days (°D) respectively. Cumulative effective temperature for occurrence of 50% adult emergence from, 50% pupal cocoon with minimum threshold temperature 12ºC was 103.4 degree days. Cumulative effective temperature for occurrence of 65% adult emergence from overwintering larvae and 50% pupal cocoon with minimum threshold temperature 11°C and 12ºC were 213.8, 126.9 degree days respectively. | |
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