ISHS Acta Horticulturae 726: IV International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds
EVALUATION OF SALT RESISTANCE IN TWO PISTACHIO SPECIES WITH REGARD TO GROWTH INDICES OF SEEDLINGS, SEEDLING SURVIVAL, AND SOME ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS |
| Author: | H. Moein Rad |
| Keywords: | Pistacia vera L., P. mutica, growth indices, chlorophyll changes, proline changes, salinity stress, genetic diversity |
| DOI: | 10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.726.37 |
| Abstract:
In order to investigate the salinity effects on growth indices of pistachio seedlings, three pot experiments were conducted in the form of split plot based on a randomized complete block design. The source of salinity for experiment 1 was NaCl, whereas in experiments 2 and 3 it was NaCl,+ CaCl2,+ MgCl2. Experiments 2 and 3 consisted of three split plot designs such as in splits I, II and III the ratio of Na:Ca:Mg considered 5:1:1, 1:5:1 and 1:1:5, respectively. In experiment 1, mainplots consisted of electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECiws) including 0.5, 2, 4, 8 and 16 decisiemens/meter (dSm-1), whereas in experiment 2 it changed to 0.5, 2.5, 4.5, 8.5 and 16.5 dSm-1. With respect to the results obtained from experiments 1 and 2; ECiws of 0.5, 4.5 and 8.5 dSm-1 with significant differences selected for the third experiment. In experiments 1 and 2, the seedlings of seven cultivars (cvs.) of Pistacia vera L. (Badami-e-Riz, Momtaz, Akbari, Kalleh-Ghuchi, Ohadi, Ahmadaghaei and Sarakhs) and P. mutica (Baneh) were allocated in subplots. In the third experiment, three cvs. of P. vera L. (Badami-e-Riz, Momtaz and Ohadi), with different salt tolerances which had been selected from previous experiments, were used. In order to determine the resistance of pistachio cvs. in with respect to seedling survival, experiment 4 was conducted. Materials and methods in experiment 4 were similar to experiment 2. In experiments 1, 2 and 3 the medium culture of each pot irrigated with saline water to near field capacity in two day intervals up to 25, 20 and 15 times, respectively. Whereas in experiment 4 salinity treatments in each level of salinity continued up to 70% of leaf damaging. In experiment 5, the effects of salinity on pistachio seedlings in regards to chlorophyll-meter figures, proline contents and the ratio of damaged leaves studied. In experiments, the number of experimental units was 2076. In experiments 1, 2 and 3 growth indices (e.g. total dry weight) of seedlings in higher ECiws were reduced, significantly. The effects of salts (ratios) on growth were different. For example, lower levels of salinity (2.5 and 4.5 dSm-1) caused partly to increase the total dry weight of seedlings in 5:1:1 ratio; whereas, in 1:1:5 ratio; in each level of salinity, this character decreased; considerably. In experiments 1 and 2 Badami-e-Riz was selected as resistant cv.; whereas, Ohadi and Momtaz were moderately sensitive cvs. With ECiws of 4.5, 8.5 and 2.5 dSm-1 seedling survival decreased, significantly where the ratio of salts were 5:1:1, 1:5:1 and 1:1:5, respectively. In experiment, 4 Badami-e-Riz and Ohadi were screened as resistant cvs. to NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 (all ratios). | |
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