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IRRIGATION ACTIVATION METHODS IN ENDODONTICS

Year 2015, Supplement 10, 98 - 104, 21.05.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.29335

Abstract

Until today, with technological advances in endodontics, many different irrigation delivery and agitation techniques have been developed in order to increase the success of a root canal treatment. These systems categorize as manual or mechanical agitation techniques. Since its introduction, these systems has become increasingly more useful in clinical applications such as delivering of irrigation solutions to the root canal, removing debris smear layer from root cannal. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the available information concerning present irrigant agitation methods available in endodontics and to provide a critique of irrigation methods and their debridement efficacy in endodontics

References

  • Seltzer S, Bender IB. Cognitive Dissonance in Endodontics. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1965;20:505-16.
  • Eick JD, Wilko RA, Anderson CH, Sorensen SE. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cut Tooth Surfaces and Identification of Debris by Use of the Electron 1970;49:Suppl6:1359-68. J Dent Res
  • Brannstrom M, Johnson G. Effects of Various Conditioners and Cleaning Agents on Prepared Dentin Surfaces: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Investigation. J Prosthet Dent 1974;31:422-30.
  • Sen BH, Wesselink PR, Turkun M. The Smear Layer: A Phenomenon in Root Canal Therapy. Int Endod J 1995;28:141-8.
  • Brannstrom M. Smear Layer: Pathological and Treatment Considerations. Oper Dent Suppl 1984;3:35-42.
  • Rome WJ, Doran JE, Walker WA, 3rd. The Effectiveness of Gly-Oxide and Sodium
  • Takeda FH, Harashima T, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. A Comparative Study of the Removal of Smear Layer by Three Endodontic Irrigants and Two Types of Laser. Int Endod J 1999;32:32-9.
  • Goldman M, Kronman JH, Goldman LB, Clausen H, Grady J. New Method of Irrigation During Endodontic Treatment. J Endod 1976;2:257-60.
  • Hauser V, Braun A, Frentzen M. Penetration Depth of a Dye Marker into Dentine Using a Novel Hydrodynamic System (Rinsendo). Int Endod J 2007;40:644-52.
  • Goldman LB, Goldman M, Kronman JH, Lin PS. Scanning Electron Microscope Study of a New Irrigation Method in Endodontic Treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1979;48:79-83.
  • Keir DM, Senia ES, Montgomery S. Effectiveness of a Brush in Removing Postinstrumentation Canal Debris. J Endod 1990;16:323-7.
  • Al-Hadlaq SM, Al-Turaiki SA, Al-Sulami U, Saad AY. Efficacy of a New Brush-Covered Irrigation Needle in Removing Root Canal Debris: A Scanning Electron 2006;32:1181-4. Study. J Endod
  • McGill S, Gulabivala K, Mordan N, Ng YL. The Efficacy of Commercially Determined by Removal of a Collagen 'Bio- Molecular Film' from an Ex Vivo Model. Int Endod J 2008;41:602-8. Using a (Rinsendo) System
  • Huang TY, Gulabivala K, Ng YL. A Bio-Molecular Film Ex-Vivo Model to Evaluate the Influence of Canal Dimensions and Irrigation Variables on the Efficacy of Irrigation. Int Endod J 2008;41:60-71.
  • Jiang LM, Lak B, Eijsvogels LM, Wesselink P, van der Sluis LW. Comparison of the Cleaning Efficacy of Different Final Irrigation Techniques. J Endod 2012;38:838-41.
  • Ruddle C. Microbrush for Endodontic Use. Washington, Dc: United States Patent 6,179,617. 2001.
  • Al-Ali M, Sathorn C, Parashos P. Root Canal Debridement Efficacy of Different Final Irrigation Protocols. Int Endod J 2012;45:898-906.
  • Setlock J, Fayad MI, BeGole E, Bruzick M. Evaluation of Canal Cleanliness and Smear Layer Removal after the Use of the Quantec-E Irrigation System and Syringe: A Comparative Scanning Electron Microscope Study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;96:614-7.
  • Walters MJ, Baumgartner JC, Marshall JG. Efficacy of Irrigation with Rotary Instrumentation. J Endod 2002;28:837-9.
  • Waplington M, Lumley PJ, Walmsley AD. Sonic Instruments in Root Canal Therapy. Dent Update 1995;22(8):339-42.
  • Ruddle C. Pathways of the Pulp. 8th Ed. St Louis; Mosby, Inc: 2002. p. 231-91.
  • Rodig T, Dollmann S, Konietschke F, Drebenstedt S, Hulsmann M. Effectiveness of Different Irrigant Agitation Techniques on Debris and Smear Layer Removal in Curved Root Canals: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. J Endod 2010;36:1983- 7.
  • Tronstad L, Barnett F, Schwartzben L, Frasca P. Effectiveness and Safety of a Sonic Vibratory Endodontic Instrument. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1:69-76.
  • Richman RJ. The Use of Ultrasonics in Root Canal Therapy and Root Resection. Medicine Dentistry Journal 1957;12:12-8.
  • Ahmad M, Pitt Ford TR, Crum LA. Ultrasonic Debridement of Root Canals: An Insight into the Mechanisms Involved. J Endod 1987;13(3):93-101. 38. Ciçek E, Bodrumlu E. Endodontide Ultrasonikler:Derleme. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2012;6:76-83.
  • Weller RN, Brady JM, Bernier WE. Efficacy of Ultrasonic Cleaning. J Endod 1980;6:740-3.
  • Lumley PJ, Walmsley AD, Laird WR. Streaming Patterns Produced around Endosonic Files. Int Endod J 1991;24:290-7.
  • Ahmad M. Effect of Ultrasonic Instrumentation on Bacteroides Intermedius. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989;5:83-6.
  • Roy RA, Ahmad M, Crum LA. Physical Mechanisms Governing the Hydrodynamic Response of an Oscillating Ultrasonic File. Int 1994;27:197-207. Endod J
  • Huque J, Kota K, Yamaga M, Iwaku M, Hoshino E. Bacterial Eradication from Root Dentine by Ultrasonic Irrigation with Sodium Hypochlorite. Int Endod J 1998;31:242-50.
  • Akyuz S. Farklı Metodlarla Aktive Edilen İrrigasyon Solüsyonlarının Smear Tabaka, Dentin Mineral İçeriği, Dentin Debris Uzaklaştırma Ve Bağlanma Dayanımına Etkisinin İncelenmesi [Tez]. Kırıkkale: Kırıkkale Üniversitesi;2013.
  • Baker PJ, Evans RT, Coburn RA, Genco RJ. Tetracycline and Its Derivatives Strongly Bind to and Are Released from the Tooth Surface in Active Form. J Periodontol 1983;54:580-5.
  • Goldberg F, Soares I, Massone EJ, Soares IM. Comparative Debridement Study between Hand and Sonic Instrumentation of the Root Canal. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:229-34.
  • Abbott PV, Heijkoop PS, Cardaci SC, Hume WR, Heithersay GS. An Sem Study of the Effects of Different Irrigation Sequences and Ultrasonics. Int Endod J 1991;24:308-16.
  • Vivan RR, Bortolo MV, Duarte MA, Moraes IG, Tanomaru-Filho M, Bramante CM. Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Rinsendo System and Conventional Irrigation for Debris Removal. Braz Dent J 2010;21:305-9.
  • Shin SJ, Kim HK, Jung IY, Lee CY, Lee SJ, Kim E. Comparison of the Cleaning Efficacy of a New Apical Negative Pressure Irrigating System with Conventional Irrigation Needles in the Root Canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:479-84.
  • Howard RK, Kirkpatrick TC, Rutledge RE, Yaccino JM. Comparison of Debris Removal with Three Different 2011;37:1301-5. Techniques. J Endod
  • Miranda RG, Santos EB, Souto RM, Gusman H, Colombo AP. Ex Vivo Antimicrobial Efficacy of the Endovac System Plus Photodynamic Therapy Associated with Calcium Hydroxide against Intracanal Enterococcus Faecalis. Int Endod J 2013;46:499-505.
  • Myers ML. The Effect of Laser Irradiation on Oral Tissues. J Prosthet Dent 1991;66:395-7.
  • Miller M, Truhe T. Lasers in Dentistry: An Overview. J Am Dent Assoc 1993;124:32-5.
  • Pick RM, Powell GL. Laser in Dentistry. Soft-Tissue Procedures. Dent Clin North Am 1993;37:281-96.
  • Kutsch VK. Lasers in Dentistry: Comparing Wavelengths. J Am Dent Assoc 1993;124:49-54.
  • Dederich DN. Laser/Tissue Interaction: What Happens to Laser Light When It Strikes Tissue? J Am Dent Assoc 1993;124:57-61.
  • Koba K, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K, Takeuchi T, Ikarugi T, Shimizu T. A Histopathological Study of the Morphological Changes at the Apical Seat and in the Periapical Region after Irradiation with a Pulsed Nd:Yag Laser. Int Endod J 1998;31:415-20.
  • Blanken J, De Moor RJ, Meire M, Verdaasdonk R. Laser Induced Explosive Vapor and Cavitation Resulting in Effective Irrigation of the Root Canal. Part 1: A Visualization Study. Lasers Surg Med 2009;41:514-9.
  • Lee BS, Lin CP, Hung YL, Lan WH. Structural Changes of Er:Yag Laser-Irradiated Human Dentin. Photomed Laser Surg 2004;22:330-4.
  • Barbakow F, Peters O, Havranek L. Effects of Nd:Yag Lasers on Root Canal Walls: A Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. Quintessence Int 1999;30:837-45.
  • DiVito E, Peters OA, Olivi G. Effectiveness of the Erbium:Yag Laser and New Design Radial and Stripped Tips in Removing the Smear Layer after Root Canal Instrumentation. Lasers Med Sci
  • Saghiri MA, Asgar K, Gutmann JL, Garcia-Godoy F, Ahmadi K, Karamifar K, Asatorian A. Effect of Laser Irradiation on Root Canal Walls after Final Irrigation with 17% Edta or Biopure Mtad: X-Ray Diffraction and Sem Analysis. Quintessence Int 2012;43:127-34.
  • de Groot SD, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR, van der Sluis LW. Laser-Activated Irrigation within Root Canals: Cleaning Efficacy and Flow Visualization. Int Endod J 2009;42:1077-83.
  • DiVito E, Lloyd A. Er:Yag Laser for 3-Dimensional Debridement of Canal Systems: Use of Photon- Induced Photoacoustic Streaming. Dent Today 2012;31:122, 124-7.

ENDODONTİDE İRRİGASYON AKTİVASYON YÖNTEMLERİ

Year 2015, Supplement 10, 98 - 104, 21.05.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.29335

Abstract

Günümüze kadar, endodontideki teknolojik
gelişmelerle birlikte, kök kanal tedavisinin başarısını
artırmak amacıyla farklı birçok irrigasyon dağıtım ve
aktivasyon tekniği geliştirilmiştir. Bu sistemler manuel
ve mekanik aktivasyon teknikleri olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerin piyasaya sunulmasından bu
yana; irrigasyon solüsyonunun kök kanalına transferi,
debrislerin ve smear tabakasının kök kanalından uzaklaştırılması gibi klinik uygulamalarda kullanımı artmıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı, endodontide irrigasyon
solüsyonu aktivasyon yöntemleri ile ilgili güncel bilgiyi
sunmak ve bu yöntemlerin temizleme etkinliğini
özetleyerek tartışmaktır.

References

  • Seltzer S, Bender IB. Cognitive Dissonance in Endodontics. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1965;20:505-16.
  • Eick JD, Wilko RA, Anderson CH, Sorensen SE. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cut Tooth Surfaces and Identification of Debris by Use of the Electron 1970;49:Suppl6:1359-68. J Dent Res
  • Brannstrom M, Johnson G. Effects of Various Conditioners and Cleaning Agents on Prepared Dentin Surfaces: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Investigation. J Prosthet Dent 1974;31:422-30.
  • Sen BH, Wesselink PR, Turkun M. The Smear Layer: A Phenomenon in Root Canal Therapy. Int Endod J 1995;28:141-8.
  • Brannstrom M. Smear Layer: Pathological and Treatment Considerations. Oper Dent Suppl 1984;3:35-42.
  • Rome WJ, Doran JE, Walker WA, 3rd. The Effectiveness of Gly-Oxide and Sodium
  • Takeda FH, Harashima T, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. A Comparative Study of the Removal of Smear Layer by Three Endodontic Irrigants and Two Types of Laser. Int Endod J 1999;32:32-9.
  • Goldman M, Kronman JH, Goldman LB, Clausen H, Grady J. New Method of Irrigation During Endodontic Treatment. J Endod 1976;2:257-60.
  • Hauser V, Braun A, Frentzen M. Penetration Depth of a Dye Marker into Dentine Using a Novel Hydrodynamic System (Rinsendo). Int Endod J 2007;40:644-52.
  • Goldman LB, Goldman M, Kronman JH, Lin PS. Scanning Electron Microscope Study of a New Irrigation Method in Endodontic Treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1979;48:79-83.
  • Keir DM, Senia ES, Montgomery S. Effectiveness of a Brush in Removing Postinstrumentation Canal Debris. J Endod 1990;16:323-7.
  • Al-Hadlaq SM, Al-Turaiki SA, Al-Sulami U, Saad AY. Efficacy of a New Brush-Covered Irrigation Needle in Removing Root Canal Debris: A Scanning Electron 2006;32:1181-4. Study. J Endod
  • McGill S, Gulabivala K, Mordan N, Ng YL. The Efficacy of Commercially Determined by Removal of a Collagen 'Bio- Molecular Film' from an Ex Vivo Model. Int Endod J 2008;41:602-8. Using a (Rinsendo) System
  • Huang TY, Gulabivala K, Ng YL. A Bio-Molecular Film Ex-Vivo Model to Evaluate the Influence of Canal Dimensions and Irrigation Variables on the Efficacy of Irrigation. Int Endod J 2008;41:60-71.
  • Jiang LM, Lak B, Eijsvogels LM, Wesselink P, van der Sluis LW. Comparison of the Cleaning Efficacy of Different Final Irrigation Techniques. J Endod 2012;38:838-41.
  • Ruddle C. Microbrush for Endodontic Use. Washington, Dc: United States Patent 6,179,617. 2001.
  • Al-Ali M, Sathorn C, Parashos P. Root Canal Debridement Efficacy of Different Final Irrigation Protocols. Int Endod J 2012;45:898-906.
  • Setlock J, Fayad MI, BeGole E, Bruzick M. Evaluation of Canal Cleanliness and Smear Layer Removal after the Use of the Quantec-E Irrigation System and Syringe: A Comparative Scanning Electron Microscope Study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;96:614-7.
  • Walters MJ, Baumgartner JC, Marshall JG. Efficacy of Irrigation with Rotary Instrumentation. J Endod 2002;28:837-9.
  • Waplington M, Lumley PJ, Walmsley AD. Sonic Instruments in Root Canal Therapy. Dent Update 1995;22(8):339-42.
  • Ruddle C. Pathways of the Pulp. 8th Ed. St Louis; Mosby, Inc: 2002. p. 231-91.
  • Rodig T, Dollmann S, Konietschke F, Drebenstedt S, Hulsmann M. Effectiveness of Different Irrigant Agitation Techniques on Debris and Smear Layer Removal in Curved Root Canals: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. J Endod 2010;36:1983- 7.
  • Tronstad L, Barnett F, Schwartzben L, Frasca P. Effectiveness and Safety of a Sonic Vibratory Endodontic Instrument. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985;1:69-76.
  • Richman RJ. The Use of Ultrasonics in Root Canal Therapy and Root Resection. Medicine Dentistry Journal 1957;12:12-8.
  • Ahmad M, Pitt Ford TR, Crum LA. Ultrasonic Debridement of Root Canals: An Insight into the Mechanisms Involved. J Endod 1987;13(3):93-101. 38. Ciçek E, Bodrumlu E. Endodontide Ultrasonikler:Derleme. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2012;6:76-83.
  • Weller RN, Brady JM, Bernier WE. Efficacy of Ultrasonic Cleaning. J Endod 1980;6:740-3.
  • Lumley PJ, Walmsley AD, Laird WR. Streaming Patterns Produced around Endosonic Files. Int Endod J 1991;24:290-7.
  • Ahmad M. Effect of Ultrasonic Instrumentation on Bacteroides Intermedius. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989;5:83-6.
  • Roy RA, Ahmad M, Crum LA. Physical Mechanisms Governing the Hydrodynamic Response of an Oscillating Ultrasonic File. Int 1994;27:197-207. Endod J
  • Huque J, Kota K, Yamaga M, Iwaku M, Hoshino E. Bacterial Eradication from Root Dentine by Ultrasonic Irrigation with Sodium Hypochlorite. Int Endod J 1998;31:242-50.
  • Akyuz S. Farklı Metodlarla Aktive Edilen İrrigasyon Solüsyonlarının Smear Tabaka, Dentin Mineral İçeriği, Dentin Debris Uzaklaştırma Ve Bağlanma Dayanımına Etkisinin İncelenmesi [Tez]. Kırıkkale: Kırıkkale Üniversitesi;2013.
  • Baker PJ, Evans RT, Coburn RA, Genco RJ. Tetracycline and Its Derivatives Strongly Bind to and Are Released from the Tooth Surface in Active Form. J Periodontol 1983;54:580-5.
  • Goldberg F, Soares I, Massone EJ, Soares IM. Comparative Debridement Study between Hand and Sonic Instrumentation of the Root Canal. Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:229-34.
  • Abbott PV, Heijkoop PS, Cardaci SC, Hume WR, Heithersay GS. An Sem Study of the Effects of Different Irrigation Sequences and Ultrasonics. Int Endod J 1991;24:308-16.
  • Vivan RR, Bortolo MV, Duarte MA, Moraes IG, Tanomaru-Filho M, Bramante CM. Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Rinsendo System and Conventional Irrigation for Debris Removal. Braz Dent J 2010;21:305-9.
  • Shin SJ, Kim HK, Jung IY, Lee CY, Lee SJ, Kim E. Comparison of the Cleaning Efficacy of a New Apical Negative Pressure Irrigating System with Conventional Irrigation Needles in the Root Canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:479-84.
  • Howard RK, Kirkpatrick TC, Rutledge RE, Yaccino JM. Comparison of Debris Removal with Three Different 2011;37:1301-5. Techniques. J Endod
  • Miranda RG, Santos EB, Souto RM, Gusman H, Colombo AP. Ex Vivo Antimicrobial Efficacy of the Endovac System Plus Photodynamic Therapy Associated with Calcium Hydroxide against Intracanal Enterococcus Faecalis. Int Endod J 2013;46:499-505.
  • Myers ML. The Effect of Laser Irradiation on Oral Tissues. J Prosthet Dent 1991;66:395-7.
  • Miller M, Truhe T. Lasers in Dentistry: An Overview. J Am Dent Assoc 1993;124:32-5.
  • Pick RM, Powell GL. Laser in Dentistry. Soft-Tissue Procedures. Dent Clin North Am 1993;37:281-96.
  • Kutsch VK. Lasers in Dentistry: Comparing Wavelengths. J Am Dent Assoc 1993;124:49-54.
  • Dederich DN. Laser/Tissue Interaction: What Happens to Laser Light When It Strikes Tissue? J Am Dent Assoc 1993;124:57-61.
  • Koba K, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K, Takeuchi T, Ikarugi T, Shimizu T. A Histopathological Study of the Morphological Changes at the Apical Seat and in the Periapical Region after Irradiation with a Pulsed Nd:Yag Laser. Int Endod J 1998;31:415-20.
  • Blanken J, De Moor RJ, Meire M, Verdaasdonk R. Laser Induced Explosive Vapor and Cavitation Resulting in Effective Irrigation of the Root Canal. Part 1: A Visualization Study. Lasers Surg Med 2009;41:514-9.
  • Lee BS, Lin CP, Hung YL, Lan WH. Structural Changes of Er:Yag Laser-Irradiated Human Dentin. Photomed Laser Surg 2004;22:330-4.
  • Barbakow F, Peters O, Havranek L. Effects of Nd:Yag Lasers on Root Canal Walls: A Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. Quintessence Int 1999;30:837-45.
  • DiVito E, Peters OA, Olivi G. Effectiveness of the Erbium:Yag Laser and New Design Radial and Stripped Tips in Removing the Smear Layer after Root Canal Instrumentation. Lasers Med Sci
  • Saghiri MA, Asgar K, Gutmann JL, Garcia-Godoy F, Ahmadi K, Karamifar K, Asatorian A. Effect of Laser Irradiation on Root Canal Walls after Final Irrigation with 17% Edta or Biopure Mtad: X-Ray Diffraction and Sem Analysis. Quintessence Int 2012;43:127-34.
  • de Groot SD, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR, van der Sluis LW. Laser-Activated Irrigation within Root Canals: Cleaning Efficacy and Flow Visualization. Int Endod J 2009;42:1077-83.
  • DiVito E, Lloyd A. Er:Yag Laser for 3-Dimensional Debridement of Canal Systems: Use of Photon- Induced Photoacoustic Streaming. Dent Today 2012;31:122, 124-7.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şefika Akyüz Ekim

Ali Erdemir This is me

Publication Date May 21, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Supplement 10

Cite

APA Akyüz Ekim, Ş., & Erdemir, A. (2015). ENDODONTİDE İRRİGASYON AKTİVASYON YÖNTEMLERİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 25, 98-104. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.29335
AMA Akyüz Ekim Ş, Erdemir A. ENDODONTİDE İRRİGASYON AKTİVASYON YÖNTEMLERİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. May 2015;25:98-104. doi:10.17567/dfd.29335
Chicago Akyüz Ekim, Şefika, and Ali Erdemir. “ENDODONTİDE İRRİGASYON AKTİVASYON YÖNTEMLERİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25, May (May 2015): 98-104. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.29335.
EndNote Akyüz Ekim Ş, Erdemir A (May 1, 2015) ENDODONTİDE İRRİGASYON AKTİVASYON YÖNTEMLERİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25 98–104.
IEEE Ş. Akyüz Ekim and A. Erdemir, “ENDODONTİDE İRRİGASYON AKTİVASYON YÖNTEMLERİ”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 25, pp. 98–104, 2015, doi: 10.17567/dfd.29335.
ISNAD Akyüz Ekim, Şefika - Erdemir, Ali. “ENDODONTİDE İRRİGASYON AKTİVASYON YÖNTEMLERİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 25 (May 2015), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.29335.
JAMA Akyüz Ekim Ş, Erdemir A. ENDODONTİDE İRRİGASYON AKTİVASYON YÖNTEMLERİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:98–104.
MLA Akyüz Ekim, Şefika and Ali Erdemir. “ENDODONTİDE İRRİGASYON AKTİVASYON YÖNTEMLERİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 25, 2015, pp. 98-104, doi:10.17567/dfd.29335.
Vancouver Akyüz Ekim Ş, Erdemir A. ENDODONTİDE İRRİGASYON AKTİVASYON YÖNTEMLERİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:98-104.

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