Research Article
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Türkiye’de Merkez Üssü Kahramanmaraş/ Pazarcık Elbistan Olan Depremler Sonrası Gerçekleştirilen Müdahale ve İyileştirme Çalışmalarının Yerinde Değerlendirilmesi: Gözlemsel Çalışma

Year 2023, Issue: 83, 145 - 154, 31.12.2023

Galip Usta Ramazan Aslan Fatma Gündüz Ezgi Atalay İsmail Turgut Pala

https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.1360428

Abstract

Afetler, dünya genelinde insanların karşılaşabileceği karmaşık ve küresel sorunlardan biridir. Türkiye de doğal afetlerin sıkça yaşandığı ülkelerden birisidir. Çalışmada, araştırmacılar depremin yaşandığı ortamda bulunarak insan davranışlarını ve afet sonrası hizmetleri gözlemlemeyi ve buna yönelik çıkarımlar yapmayı hedeflemişlerdir. Veriler Türkiye’de Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremlerin yaşandığı yerlerden olan Malatya, Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Kahramanmaraş ve Hatay illerinden 07-15 Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında gözlem tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan kontrol formu kullanılarak “katılımcı gözlem” adı verilen yapılandırılmamış alan çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sahadan elde edilen veriler araştırmacılar tarafından kodlanmış ve kodlardan kategorilere, kategorilerden ise temalara ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada veri analiz sürecinde güvenilirlik kriterlerine uyulmuştur. Arama-kurtarma personellerinin barınma, beslenme ve psikolojik desteğinin sağlanması, ekipler arası koordinasyonun sağlanması, iletişim sistemlerinin güçlendirilmesi, doğru bilgi akışının sağlanması, hassas grupların önceliklendirilmesi ve mobil araçların tahsisi gibi konularda çalışmaların yürütüldüğü görülmüştür. Arama-kurtarma faaliyetleri için uygun personel seçimi, iletişim sistemlerinin güçlendirilmesi, yardımların etkili bir şekilde dağıtılması için iş birliği ve koordinasyonun sağlanması önemlidir.

Keywords

Afetlerde İyileştirme Afetlere Müdahale Afet Yönetimi Deprem Kahramanmaraş Depremleri

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval of the study was obtained from the Republic of Turkey Trabzon University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee with the letter of consent numbered E-81614018-000-2300019140.

Supporting Institution

This study carried out by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) 1002-C Field Study Focused on Natural Disasters was supported and financed under the Emergency Support Program.

References

  • Adeoya, A. A., Sasaki, H., Fuda, M., Okamoto, T., & Egawa, S. (2022). Child nutrition in disaster: A scoping review. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 256(2), 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.256.103
  • Augusto, D. (2022). Strengthening disaster response through analysis of crime during hurricane Ike. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 19(1), 27-49. https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0005
  • AFAD. (2014). Açıklamalı Afet Yönetimi Terimleri Sözlüğü. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. https://www.afad.gov.tr/aciklamali-afet-yonetimi-terimleri-sozlugu
  • AFAD. (2018). Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritası. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. https://www.afad.gov.tr/turkiye-deprem-tehlike-haritasi
  • AFAD. (2023a). 06 Şubat 2023 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) MW 7.7, Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) MW 7.6, Depremlerine İlişkin, Ön Değerlendirme Raporu. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/assets/pdf/Kahramanmaras Depremleri_ On Degerlendirme Raporu.pdf
  • AFAD. (2023b). Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık’ta Meydana Gelen Deprem Hk. Basın Bülteni-2. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. https://www.afad.gov.tr/kahramanmaras-pazarcikta-meydana-gelen-deprem-hk-basin-bulteni-2
  • Arpat, E., & Şaroğlu, F. (1972). Doğu Anadolu Fayı ile ilgili bazı gözlemler ve düşünceler. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 78(78), 44–50.
  • Aslan, R., Şahinöz, S. (2023). The experiences of people with disabilities in the 2020 Izmir earthquake: A phenomenological research. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 95, 103868, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103868
  • Bailey, C., White, C., & Pain, R. (1999). Evaluating qualitative research: dealing with the tension between ‘science’ and ‘creativity.’ Area, 31(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1475-4762.1999.TB00182.X Braun, V., &
  • Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706QP063OA
  • Broby, N., Lassetter, J. H., Williams, M., & Winters, B. A. (2018). Effective international medical disaster relief: a qualitative descriptive study. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 33(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X18000225
  • Çakmak, H., Aydın Er, R., Can Öz, Y., & Aker, A. T. (2010). Kocaeli ili 112 acil yardım birimlerinde çalışan personelin marmara depreminden etkilenme ve olası afetlere hazırlık durumlarının saptanması. Akademik Acil Tıp Dergisi, (2), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.4170/jaem.2009.13007
  • Can, N. (2022). Arama kurtarma biriminde çalışan personellerin iş güvenliği algısının incelenmesi. (Publication No. 774864) [Master, Avrasya University]. Yök Tez Merkezi.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
  • Constable, M. (2008). Disaster mythology: looting in New Orleans. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 17(4), 519-525. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560810901764
  • Dhamija, G., & Sen, G. (2023). Lasting impact on health from natural disasters, potential mechanisms and mitigating effects. Environment and Development Economics, 28(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X2200016X EM-DAT. (n.d.). Classification. Emergency Events Database. https://www.emdat.be/classification
  • Ergünay, O. (2007). Türkiye’nin afet profili. TMMOB Afet Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, (pp. 1-14). Faucon, C. E. (2010). The suspension theory: Hurricane Katrina looting, property rights, and personhood. Louisiana Law Review. 70(4):1303–38. Geray, C. (1977). Türkiye’de yıkım (afet) olayları karşısında önlemler ve örgütlenmeler. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 10(3), 91–114.
  • Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2004). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEDT.2003.10.001
  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences. In N. K. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 191–215). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Hayudanti, D., Ethasari, R. K., Alristina, A. D., & Laili, R. D. (2022). Management of pregnant women's nutrition in disaster emergencies in indonesia: a systematic review. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 5(4), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2022.v05i04.004
  • Herovic, E., Sellnow, T. L., & Sellnow, D. D. (2020). Challenges and opportunities for pre-crisis emergency risk communication: lessons learned from the earthquake community. Journal of Risk Research, 23(3), 349-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2019.1569097
  • İbiş, E., & Kesgin, B. (2014). Türkiye’de sosyal hizmet ve medikal kurtarma açısından Yalova, Van ve Simav depremlerinin incelenmesi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (41), 225–234.
  • Jamshed, S. (2014). Qualitative research method-interviewing and observation. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy, 5(4), 87-88. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.141942
  • Kreimer, A. (2001). Social and economic impacts of natural disasters. International Geology Review, 43(5), 401-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810109465021
  • Lee, K., Lee, S. H., Park, T., & Lee, J. Y. (2017). Stressors of Korean disaster relief team members during the Nepal earthquake dispatch: a consensual qualitative research analysis. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 32(3), 507-513. https://doi.org/10.3346/JKMS.2017.32.3.507
  • Malpass, A., West, C., Quaill, J., & Barker, R. (2019). Experiences of individuals with disabilities sheltering during natural disasters: An integrative review. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 34(2), 60-65.
  • Martin, M. L. (2010). Child participation in disaster risk reduction: The case of flood-affected children in Bangladesh. Third World Quarterly, 31(8), 1357-1375. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2010.541086
  • Nekouie Moghadam, M., Amiresmaili, M. R., Hassibi, M., Doostan, F., & Khosravi, S. (2017). Toward a better nutritional aiding in disasters: relying on lessons learned during the Bam Earthquake. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 32(4), 382–386. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17006355
  • Sarol, H. (2007). Türkiye’deki arama kurtarma elemanlarının temel sorunları. (Publication No. 206983) [Master, Gazi Üniversitesi University]. Yök Tez Merkezi.
  • Shariat Alavi, M., Fallahi, A., Mottaki, Z., & Aslani, F. (2022). Post-disaster sheltering process after the 2019 floods, in Golestan province, Iran. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 13(5), 568-582. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-03-2021-0023
  • Suhardi, A., Samsuddin, I., & Ismail, D. (2023). Developing resilient design criteria for evacuation centre. Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment (MySE), 10(1), 225-242. https://doi.org/10.24191/myse.v10i1.21260
  • Tatham, P., & Christopher, M. (Eds.) (2018). Humanitarian Logistics: Meeting the Challenge of Preparing for and Responding to Disasters. Kogan Page.
  • Tierney, K., Bevc, C., & Kuligowski, E. (2006). Metaphors matter: Disaster myths, media frames, and their consequences in Hurricane Katrina. The annals of the American academy of political and social science, 604(1), 57-81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716205285589
  • Toprak, M. (2022). Arama kurtarma ekipleri için lojistik çözümler. (Publication No. 719270) [Master, Bahçeşehir University]. Yök Tez Merkezi.
  • Usta, G. (2021). Türkiye’de meydana gelen deprem afetlerinde sunulan hizmetlerin değerlendirilmesi (1999-2020): Nitel bir araştırma. (Publication No. 688294) [Doctoral dissertation, Gümüşhane University]. Yök Tez Merkezi.
  • Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. (2013). Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 15(3), 398–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/NHS.12048 154

On-Site Evaluation of Emergency Response Carried Out After Earthquakes with Epicentral Base Kahramanmaraş/ Pazarcık-Elbistan in Türkiye: An Observational Study

Year 2023, Issue: 83, 145 - 154, 31.12.2023

Galip Usta Ramazan Aslan Fatma Gündüz Ezgi Atalay İsmail Turgut Pala

https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.1360428

Abstract

Disasters are one of the complex and global problems that people around the world can face. Türkiye is one of the countries where natural disasters occur frequently. In the study, the researchers aimed to observe human behavior and post-disaster services by being in the environment where the earthquake took place and to make inferences about it. The data were collected from the provinces of Malatya, Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Kahramanmaraş and Hatay, which are the places where earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş occurred in Türkiye, between 07-15 February 2023 by observation technique. In collecting the data, an unstructured field study called "participatory observation" was carried out by using the control form created by the researchers. The data obtained from the field were coded by the researchers and the categories were reached from the codes and the themes were reached from the categories. In the study, reliability criteria were followed in the data analysis process. It was observed that efforts were carried out on issues such as providing shelter, nutrition and psychological support of search and rescue personnel, ensuring coordination between teams, strengthening communication systems, and ensuring correct information flow. It is important to ensure cooperation and coordination for the selection of appropriate personnel for search and rescue activities, the strengthening of communication systems and the effective distribution of aid.

Keywords

Keywords: Disaster Recovery Disaster Response Disaster Management Earthquake Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes

References

  • Adeoya, A. A., Sasaki, H., Fuda, M., Okamoto, T., & Egawa, S. (2022). Child nutrition in disaster: A scoping review. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 256(2), 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.256.103
  • Augusto, D. (2022). Strengthening disaster response through analysis of crime during hurricane Ike. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 19(1), 27-49. https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2021-0005
  • AFAD. (2014). Açıklamalı Afet Yönetimi Terimleri Sözlüğü. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. https://www.afad.gov.tr/aciklamali-afet-yonetimi-terimleri-sozlugu
  • AFAD. (2018). Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritası. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. https://www.afad.gov.tr/turkiye-deprem-tehlike-haritasi
  • AFAD. (2023a). 06 Şubat 2023 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) MW 7.7, Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) MW 7.6, Depremlerine İlişkin, Ön Değerlendirme Raporu. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/assets/pdf/Kahramanmaras Depremleri_ On Degerlendirme Raporu.pdf
  • AFAD. (2023b). Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık’ta Meydana Gelen Deprem Hk. Basın Bülteni-2. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. https://www.afad.gov.tr/kahramanmaras-pazarcikta-meydana-gelen-deprem-hk-basin-bulteni-2
  • Arpat, E., & Şaroğlu, F. (1972). Doğu Anadolu Fayı ile ilgili bazı gözlemler ve düşünceler. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 78(78), 44–50.
  • Aslan, R., Şahinöz, S. (2023). The experiences of people with disabilities in the 2020 Izmir earthquake: A phenomenological research. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 95, 103868, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103868
  • Bailey, C., White, C., & Pain, R. (1999). Evaluating qualitative research: dealing with the tension between ‘science’ and ‘creativity.’ Area, 31(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1475-4762.1999.TB00182.X Braun, V., &
  • Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706QP063OA
  • Broby, N., Lassetter, J. H., Williams, M., & Winters, B. A. (2018). Effective international medical disaster relief: a qualitative descriptive study. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 33(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X18000225
  • Çakmak, H., Aydın Er, R., Can Öz, Y., & Aker, A. T. (2010). Kocaeli ili 112 acil yardım birimlerinde çalışan personelin marmara depreminden etkilenme ve olası afetlere hazırlık durumlarının saptanması. Akademik Acil Tıp Dergisi, (2), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.4170/jaem.2009.13007
  • Can, N. (2022). Arama kurtarma biriminde çalışan personellerin iş güvenliği algısının incelenmesi. (Publication No. 774864) [Master, Avrasya University]. Yök Tez Merkezi.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
  • Constable, M. (2008). Disaster mythology: looting in New Orleans. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 17(4), 519-525. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560810901764
  • Dhamija, G., & Sen, G. (2023). Lasting impact on health from natural disasters, potential mechanisms and mitigating effects. Environment and Development Economics, 28(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X2200016X EM-DAT. (n.d.). Classification. Emergency Events Database. https://www.emdat.be/classification
  • Ergünay, O. (2007). Türkiye’nin afet profili. TMMOB Afet Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, (pp. 1-14). Faucon, C. E. (2010). The suspension theory: Hurricane Katrina looting, property rights, and personhood. Louisiana Law Review. 70(4):1303–38. Geray, C. (1977). Türkiye’de yıkım (afet) olayları karşısında önlemler ve örgütlenmeler. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 10(3), 91–114.
  • Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2004). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEDT.2003.10.001
  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences. In N. K. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 191–215). Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Hayudanti, D., Ethasari, R. K., Alristina, A. D., & Laili, R. D. (2022). Management of pregnant women's nutrition in disaster emergencies in indonesia: a systematic review. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 5(4), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2022.v05i04.004
  • Herovic, E., Sellnow, T. L., & Sellnow, D. D. (2020). Challenges and opportunities for pre-crisis emergency risk communication: lessons learned from the earthquake community. Journal of Risk Research, 23(3), 349-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2019.1569097
  • İbiş, E., & Kesgin, B. (2014). Türkiye’de sosyal hizmet ve medikal kurtarma açısından Yalova, Van ve Simav depremlerinin incelenmesi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (41), 225–234.
  • Jamshed, S. (2014). Qualitative research method-interviewing and observation. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy, 5(4), 87-88. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.141942
  • Kreimer, A. (2001). Social and economic impacts of natural disasters. International Geology Review, 43(5), 401-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810109465021
  • Lee, K., Lee, S. H., Park, T., & Lee, J. Y. (2017). Stressors of Korean disaster relief team members during the Nepal earthquake dispatch: a consensual qualitative research analysis. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 32(3), 507-513. https://doi.org/10.3346/JKMS.2017.32.3.507
  • Malpass, A., West, C., Quaill, J., & Barker, R. (2019). Experiences of individuals with disabilities sheltering during natural disasters: An integrative review. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 34(2), 60-65.
  • Martin, M. L. (2010). Child participation in disaster risk reduction: The case of flood-affected children in Bangladesh. Third World Quarterly, 31(8), 1357-1375. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2010.541086
  • Nekouie Moghadam, M., Amiresmaili, M. R., Hassibi, M., Doostan, F., & Khosravi, S. (2017). Toward a better nutritional aiding in disasters: relying on lessons learned during the Bam Earthquake. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 32(4), 382–386. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17006355
  • Sarol, H. (2007). Türkiye’deki arama kurtarma elemanlarının temel sorunları. (Publication No. 206983) [Master, Gazi Üniversitesi University]. Yök Tez Merkezi.
  • Shariat Alavi, M., Fallahi, A., Mottaki, Z., & Aslani, F. (2022). Post-disaster sheltering process after the 2019 floods, in Golestan province, Iran. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 13(5), 568-582. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-03-2021-0023
  • Suhardi, A., Samsuddin, I., & Ismail, D. (2023). Developing resilient design criteria for evacuation centre. Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment (MySE), 10(1), 225-242. https://doi.org/10.24191/myse.v10i1.21260
  • Tatham, P., & Christopher, M. (Eds.) (2018). Humanitarian Logistics: Meeting the Challenge of Preparing for and Responding to Disasters. Kogan Page.
  • Tierney, K., Bevc, C., & Kuligowski, E. (2006). Metaphors matter: Disaster myths, media frames, and their consequences in Hurricane Katrina. The annals of the American academy of political and social science, 604(1), 57-81. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716205285589
  • Toprak, M. (2022). Arama kurtarma ekipleri için lojistik çözümler. (Publication No. 719270) [Master, Bahçeşehir University]. Yök Tez Merkezi.
  • Usta, G. (2021). Türkiye’de meydana gelen deprem afetlerinde sunulan hizmetlerin değerlendirilmesi (1999-2020): Nitel bir araştırma. (Publication No. 688294) [Doctoral dissertation, Gümüşhane University]. Yök Tez Merkezi.
  • Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. (2013). Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 15(3), 398–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/NHS.12048 154
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Human Geography (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Galip Usta 0000-0001-6279-1694

Ramazan Aslan 0000-0002-5602-6379

Fatma Gündüz 0000-0001-9585-3759

Ezgi Atalay 0000-0002-7404-4351

İsmail Turgut Pala 0000-0002-9367-6928

Early Pub Date December 31, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Acceptance Date November 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 83

Cite

APA Usta, G., Aslan, R., Gündüz, F., Atalay, E., et al. (2023). On-Site Evaluation of Emergency Response Carried Out After Earthquakes with Epicentral Base Kahramanmaraş/ Pazarcık-Elbistan in Türkiye: An Observational Study. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi(83), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.17211/tcd.1360428
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Publisher: Turkish Geographical Society