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Chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) essential oil and its larvicidal effectiveness on Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larvae

Year 2020, Volume: 44 Issue: 4, 437 - 447, 31.12.2020

Murat Varçin Memiş Kesdek

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.728613
Cited By: 2

Abstract

In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.) (Verbenaceae) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and its larvicidal effectiveness at 250, 500 and 1000 μL/L, and 24, 48, 72 and 96 h against the five instars of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) investigated. The study was conducted at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University (Fethiye A.S.M.K. Vocational High School) under laboratory conditions (25±2ºC, 65±5% RH and 14:10 h L:D photoperiod) in 2015-2017. Each larvicidal effectiveness test was repeated three times. β-caryophyllene (16.8%), germacrene D (14.7%), 1,8-cineole (14.5%) and ζ-gurjunene (11.8%) were identified as main compounds of the essential oil. Ninety-six h after treatment, the essential oil caused between 13.3 and 96.6% mortality. The highest mortality at 250, 500 and 1000 μL/L doses were 70.0% for L1, 80.0% for L3 and 96.6% for L1, L3 and L4 instars after 96 h, respectively. It was concluded that the V. agnus-castus essential oil has potential as an alternative for control of T. pityocampa larvae.

Keywords

Chaste tree essential oil pine processionary moth toxicity

Thanks

Authors thank Mohamed Said Omar (Ondokuz Mayıs University), translator and native English speaker, for his contribution in revising the English of this article; and also, Yahya Nas (Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University) for his technical assistance and contributions to the study.

References

  • Adams, R. P., 2007. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromotography/Mass Spectrometry. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, Illinois, USA, 804 pp.
  • Aksoy, S., 1982. The action mechanisms of some organic synthetic insecticides. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 6 (2): 111-126.
  • Batish, D. R., H. P. Singh, R. K. Kohli & S. Kaur, 2008. Eucalyptus essential oil as natural pesticide. Forest Ecology Management, 256 (12): 2166-2174.
  • Breuer, M. & B. Devkota, 1990. Studies on the importance of nest temperature of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 109 (1): 331-335.
  • Çakır, A., H. Özer, T. Aydın, Ş. Kordalı, A. Tazegül Çavuşoğlu, T. Akçin, E. Mete & A. Akçin, 2016. Phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oils and extracts of four Achillea species. Records of Natural Products, 10 (2): 154-167.
  • Cambie, R. C. & A. A. Brewis, 1997. Anti-Fertility Plants of the Pacific. CSIRO Publishing, Victoria, Australia, 181 pp.
  • Çanakçıoğlu, H., 1993. Forest Entomology. İstanbul University Publishing, İstanbul, Turkey, 385 pp.
  • Çetin, H., F. Erler & A. Yanıkoğlu, 2006. Toxicity of essential oils extracted from Origanum onites L. and Citrus aurentium L. against the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tarns. Folia Biology (Krakow), 54 (3): 153-157.
  • De Kok, R. P. J., 2007. The genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) in New Guinea and the South Pacific Islands. Kew Bulletion, 62 (4): 587-603.
  • Ebadollahi, A., M. H. Safaralizadeh & A. A. Pourmirza, 2010. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Lavandula stoechas L. grown in Iran, against the two coleopteran insect pests; Lasioderma serricorne F. and Rhyzopertha dominica F. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 20 (1): 1-5.
  • Eryiğit, T., A. Çiğ, N. Okut, B. Yıldırım & K. Ekici, 2015. Evaluation of chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. fruits’ essential oils from West Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18 (1): 208-214.
  • Finney, D. J., 1971. Probit Analysis. Cambridge University Press (3rd Edition), London, UK, 333 pp.
  • Germinara, G. S. D., M. G. Stefano, L. De Acutis, S. Patı, S. Delfine, A. De Cristofaro & G. Rotundo, 2017. Bioactivities of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against the stored grain pest Sitophilus granarius. Bulletin of Insectology, 70 (1): 129-138.
  • Güncan, A. & E. Durmuşoğlu, 2004. An evaluation on plant-based natural insecticides. Journal of Harvest, 233 (20): 26-32.
  • Hamid, A. A., L. A. Usman, S. A. Adebayo, M. F. Zubair & S. E. Elaigwu, 2010. Chemical constituents of leaf essential oil of North-Central Nigerian grown Vitex agnus-castus. Advances in Environmental Biology, 4 (2): 250-253.
  • Heydarzade, A. & G. Moravvej, 2012. Contact toxicity and persistence of essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare,Teucrium polium and Satureja hortensis against Collosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) adults (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Turkish Entomology, 36 (4): 507- 519.
  • Isman, M. B., 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review Entomology, 51 (1): 45-66.
  • Kanat, M., F. Sivrikaya & M. Serez, 2002. “A research on damage of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) on Pinus brutia Ten. trees, and the effect of tending activities on the diameter increment of Calabrian pine in Kahramanmaraş, 44-51”. Proceedings of Pine Processionary Moth Symposium (24-25 April 2002, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey), Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Forest, 226 pp.
  • Karaman, İ., A. Ben Sassi & A. Mahjoub, 2008. “Investigation of cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Hayit), 87-95”. Proceedings of 19th National Biology Congress (23-27 June 2008, Trabzon, Turkey), 473 pp.
  • Kesdek, M., N. Bayrak, Ş. Kordalı, A. Usanmaz, G. Contuk & S. Ercişli, 2013. Larvicidal effects of some essential oils against larvae of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller)) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 23 (2): 201-207.
  • Kesdek, M., Ş. Kordalı, K. Çoban, A. Usanmaz & S. Ercişli, 2014. Larvicidal effect of some plant extracts on the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) in laboratory conditions. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 13 (5): 145-162.
  • Kesdek, M., Ş. Kordalı, A. Usanmaz Bozhüyük & M. Güdek, 2020. Larvicidal effect of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae) essential oil against larvae of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)). Journal of Turkish Agriculture and Forestry, 44 (4): 439-442.
  • Köse, H., 2007. The Investigation of the Effects of Pine Processionary on the Diameter and Lenght Increment in Red Pine Stands at Different Ages in Various Site Class. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, (Unpublished) MSc Thesis, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 226 pp.
  • Mokbel, M. S. & H. Fumio, 2006. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracts from buntan (Citrus grandis Osbeck) fruit tissues. Food Chemistry, 94 (4): 529-534.
  • Neyişci, T., 1987. The Ecology of Red Pine. Handbook Series of Red Pine: 2. Forestry Research Institute Publications, Ankara, Turkey, 82 pp.
  • Oktem, E., 1987. Red Pine. Handbook Series: 2. Forestry Research Institute Publications, Ankara, Turkey, 182 pp.
  • Regnault-Roger, C., A. Hamraoui, M. Holeman, E. Theron & R. Pinel, 1993. Insecticidal effect of essential oils from Mediterranean plant upon Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), a pest of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of Chemistry Ecology, 19 (6): 1233-1244.
  • Senatore, F., G. Della Porta & E. Reverchon, 1996. Constituents of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil. Journal of Flavour and Fragrance, 11 (3): 179-182.
  • Shaaya, E., U. Ravyd, N. Paster, M. Kostjukovsky, M. Menasherov & S. Plotkyn, 1993. Essential oils and their components as active fumigants against several species of stored product insects and fungi. Acta Horticulture, 344 (16): 131-137.
  • Tin, B., C. Kurtoğlu & E. Sevindik, 2017. Evaluation of chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus (Verbenaceae) fruits essential oils grown in Aydın/Turkey. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences, 2 (2): 171-174.
  • Usanmaz Bozhüyük, A., M. Kesdek, Ş. Kordalı & S. Özcan, 2018. Larvicidal effect of two Artemisia essential oils to the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Igdir University Journal of Institute Sciences & Technology, 8 (3): 63-70.
  • Yelekçi, K., G. M. Acımış & H. Soran, 1981. Melia azedarach L. meyvelerinden çıkarılan özütlerin çam keseböceği Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) tırtıllarına etkisi. Doğa Bilim Dergisi, 5 (1): 69-71.
  • Yiğit, S., I. Saruhan & I. Akça, 2019. The effect of some commercial plant oils on the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Journal of Forest Science, 65 (8): 309-312.

Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) uçucu yağının kimyasal bileşeni ve Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larvaları üzerindeki larvasidal etkinliği

Year 2020, Volume: 44 Issue: 4, 437 - 447, 31.12.2020

Murat Varçin Memiş Kesdek

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.728613
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, hayıt (Vitex agnus-castus L.) (Verbenaceae) bitkisinden elde edilen uçucu yağın Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometresi (GC-MS) yöntemiyle kimyasal bileşeni analiz edilmiştir ve onun 250, 500 ve 1000 μL/L dozlarında 24., 48., 72. ve 96. saatlerde uygulanmasıyla, çam keseböceğinin (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)) beş farklı dönem larvalarına karşı larvasidal etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma, 2015-2017 yılları arasında Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi’nde (Fethiye A.S.M.K. Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda) laboratuvar şartlarında (25±2ºC), %65±5 ON ve 14/10 A/K) yürütülmüştür. Her bir larvasidal etkinlilik testi üç kez tekrarlanmıştır. β-caryophyllene (%16,8), germacrene D (%14,7), 1,8-cineole (%14,5) ve ζ-gurjunene (%11,8) bu uçucu yağın ana bileşenleri olarak kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmanın 96. saatinde, uçucu yağ %13,30 ile %96,6 arasında ölümlere sebep olmuştur. 250, 500 ve 1000 μL/L dozlarındaki en yüksek ölüm oranları sırasıyla, L1 dönemi için %70,0, L3 dönemi için %80,0 ve L2, L3, L4 dönemleri için ise %96,6 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Bütün bunlar göz önüne alındığında, V. agnus-castus uçucu yağının kontrollerle kıyaslandığında, T. pityocampa larvalarının kontrolü için potansiyel bir alternatif olduğu sonucuna varılabilir.

Keywords

Hayıt ağacı uçucu yağ çam keseböceği toksisite

References

  • Adams, R. P., 2007. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromotography/Mass Spectrometry. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, Illinois, USA, 804 pp.
  • Aksoy, S., 1982. The action mechanisms of some organic synthetic insecticides. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 6 (2): 111-126.
  • Batish, D. R., H. P. Singh, R. K. Kohli & S. Kaur, 2008. Eucalyptus essential oil as natural pesticide. Forest Ecology Management, 256 (12): 2166-2174.
  • Breuer, M. & B. Devkota, 1990. Studies on the importance of nest temperature of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 109 (1): 331-335.
  • Çakır, A., H. Özer, T. Aydın, Ş. Kordalı, A. Tazegül Çavuşoğlu, T. Akçin, E. Mete & A. Akçin, 2016. Phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oils and extracts of four Achillea species. Records of Natural Products, 10 (2): 154-167.
  • Cambie, R. C. & A. A. Brewis, 1997. Anti-Fertility Plants of the Pacific. CSIRO Publishing, Victoria, Australia, 181 pp.
  • Çanakçıoğlu, H., 1993. Forest Entomology. İstanbul University Publishing, İstanbul, Turkey, 385 pp.
  • Çetin, H., F. Erler & A. Yanıkoğlu, 2006. Toxicity of essential oils extracted from Origanum onites L. and Citrus aurentium L. against the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tarns. Folia Biology (Krakow), 54 (3): 153-157.
  • De Kok, R. P. J., 2007. The genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) in New Guinea and the South Pacific Islands. Kew Bulletion, 62 (4): 587-603.
  • Ebadollahi, A., M. H. Safaralizadeh & A. A. Pourmirza, 2010. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Lavandula stoechas L. grown in Iran, against the two coleopteran insect pests; Lasioderma serricorne F. and Rhyzopertha dominica F. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 20 (1): 1-5.
  • Eryiğit, T., A. Çiğ, N. Okut, B. Yıldırım & K. Ekici, 2015. Evaluation of chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. fruits’ essential oils from West Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18 (1): 208-214.
  • Finney, D. J., 1971. Probit Analysis. Cambridge University Press (3rd Edition), London, UK, 333 pp.
  • Germinara, G. S. D., M. G. Stefano, L. De Acutis, S. Patı, S. Delfine, A. De Cristofaro & G. Rotundo, 2017. Bioactivities of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against the stored grain pest Sitophilus granarius. Bulletin of Insectology, 70 (1): 129-138.
  • Güncan, A. & E. Durmuşoğlu, 2004. An evaluation on plant-based natural insecticides. Journal of Harvest, 233 (20): 26-32.
  • Hamid, A. A., L. A. Usman, S. A. Adebayo, M. F. Zubair & S. E. Elaigwu, 2010. Chemical constituents of leaf essential oil of North-Central Nigerian grown Vitex agnus-castus. Advances in Environmental Biology, 4 (2): 250-253.
  • Heydarzade, A. & G. Moravvej, 2012. Contact toxicity and persistence of essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare,Teucrium polium and Satureja hortensis against Collosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) adults (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Turkish Entomology, 36 (4): 507- 519.
  • Isman, M. B., 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review Entomology, 51 (1): 45-66.
  • Kanat, M., F. Sivrikaya & M. Serez, 2002. “A research on damage of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) on Pinus brutia Ten. trees, and the effect of tending activities on the diameter increment of Calabrian pine in Kahramanmaraş, 44-51”. Proceedings of Pine Processionary Moth Symposium (24-25 April 2002, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey), Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Forest, 226 pp.
  • Karaman, İ., A. Ben Sassi & A. Mahjoub, 2008. “Investigation of cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Hayit), 87-95”. Proceedings of 19th National Biology Congress (23-27 June 2008, Trabzon, Turkey), 473 pp.
  • Kesdek, M., N. Bayrak, Ş. Kordalı, A. Usanmaz, G. Contuk & S. Ercişli, 2013. Larvicidal effects of some essential oils against larvae of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller)) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 23 (2): 201-207.
  • Kesdek, M., Ş. Kordalı, K. Çoban, A. Usanmaz & S. Ercişli, 2014. Larvicidal effect of some plant extracts on the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) in laboratory conditions. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 13 (5): 145-162.
  • Kesdek, M., Ş. Kordalı, A. Usanmaz Bozhüyük & M. Güdek, 2020. Larvicidal effect of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae) essential oil against larvae of pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)). Journal of Turkish Agriculture and Forestry, 44 (4): 439-442.
  • Köse, H., 2007. The Investigation of the Effects of Pine Processionary on the Diameter and Lenght Increment in Red Pine Stands at Different Ages in Various Site Class. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, (Unpublished) MSc Thesis, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 226 pp.
  • Mokbel, M. S. & H. Fumio, 2006. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracts from buntan (Citrus grandis Osbeck) fruit tissues. Food Chemistry, 94 (4): 529-534.
  • Neyişci, T., 1987. The Ecology of Red Pine. Handbook Series of Red Pine: 2. Forestry Research Institute Publications, Ankara, Turkey, 82 pp.
  • Oktem, E., 1987. Red Pine. Handbook Series: 2. Forestry Research Institute Publications, Ankara, Turkey, 182 pp.
  • Regnault-Roger, C., A. Hamraoui, M. Holeman, E. Theron & R. Pinel, 1993. Insecticidal effect of essential oils from Mediterranean plant upon Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), a pest of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of Chemistry Ecology, 19 (6): 1233-1244.
  • Senatore, F., G. Della Porta & E. Reverchon, 1996. Constituents of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil. Journal of Flavour and Fragrance, 11 (3): 179-182.
  • Shaaya, E., U. Ravyd, N. Paster, M. Kostjukovsky, M. Menasherov & S. Plotkyn, 1993. Essential oils and their components as active fumigants against several species of stored product insects and fungi. Acta Horticulture, 344 (16): 131-137.
  • Tin, B., C. Kurtoğlu & E. Sevindik, 2017. Evaluation of chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus (Verbenaceae) fruits essential oils grown in Aydın/Turkey. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences, 2 (2): 171-174.
  • Usanmaz Bozhüyük, A., M. Kesdek, Ş. Kordalı & S. Özcan, 2018. Larvicidal effect of two Artemisia essential oils to the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Igdir University Journal of Institute Sciences & Technology, 8 (3): 63-70.
  • Yelekçi, K., G. M. Acımış & H. Soran, 1981. Melia azedarach L. meyvelerinden çıkarılan özütlerin çam keseböceği Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) tırtıllarına etkisi. Doğa Bilim Dergisi, 5 (1): 69-71.
  • Yiğit, S., I. Saruhan & I. Akça, 2019. The effect of some commercial plant oils on the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Journal of Forest Science, 65 (8): 309-312.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Murat Varçin This is me 0000-0003-0983-2738

Memiş Kesdek 0000-0001-9881-4050

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Submission Date April 28, 2020
Acceptance Date September 13, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 44 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Varçin, M., & Kesdek, M. (2020). Chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) essential oil and its larvicidal effectiveness on Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larvae. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 44(4), 437-447. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.728613
AMA Varçin M, Kesdek M. Chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) essential oil and its larvicidal effectiveness on Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larvae. TED. December 2020;44(4):437-447. doi:10.16970/entoted.728613
Chicago Varçin, Murat, and Memiş Kesdek. “Chemical Composition of Vitex Agnus-Castus L. (Verbenaceae) Essential Oil and Its Larvicidal Effectiveness on Thaumetopoea Pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) Larvae”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 44, no. 4 (December 2020): 437-47. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.728613.
EndNote Varçin M, Kesdek M (December 1, 2020) Chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) essential oil and its larvicidal effectiveness on Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larvae. Turkish Journal of Entomology 44 4 437–447.
IEEE M. Varçin and M. Kesdek, “Chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) essential oil and its larvicidal effectiveness on Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larvae”, TED, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 437–447, 2020, doi: 10.16970/entoted.728613.
ISNAD Varçin, Murat - Kesdek, Memiş. “Chemical Composition of Vitex Agnus-Castus L. (Verbenaceae) Essential Oil and Its Larvicidal Effectiveness on Thaumetopoea Pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) Larvae”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 44/4 (December 2020), 437-447. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.728613.
JAMA Varçin M, Kesdek M. Chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) essential oil and its larvicidal effectiveness on Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larvae. TED. 2020;44:437–447.
MLA Varçin, Murat and Memiş Kesdek. “Chemical Composition of Vitex Agnus-Castus L. (Verbenaceae) Essential Oil and Its Larvicidal Effectiveness on Thaumetopoea Pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) Larvae”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 44, no. 4, 2020, pp. 437-4, doi:10.16970/entoted.728613.
Vancouver Varçin M, Kesdek M. Chemical composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) essential oil and its larvicidal effectiveness on Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larvae. TED. 2020;44(4):437-4.

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