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Influence of Deep Tillage and a Rye Cover Crop on Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Emergence in Cotton

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Justin D. DeVore ,
Jason K. Norsworthy  and
Kristofor R. Brye
Justin D. DeVore
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Kristofor R. Brye
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Plant Sciences 115, Fayetteville, AR 72701
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jnorswor@uark.edu
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Abstract

Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth has become a major problem for cotton producers throughout much of the southern United States. With cotton producers relying heavily on glyphosate-resistant cotton, an alternative solution to controlling resistant Palmer amaranth is needed. A field experiment was conducted during 2009 and 2010 at Marianna, AR, in which a rye cover crop and no cover crop were tested in combination with deep tillage with the use of a moldboard plow and no tillage to determine the impact on Palmer amaranth emergence in cotton. To establish a baseline population, 500,000 glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth seeds were placed in a 2-m2 area in the middle of each plot and incorporated into the soil, and emergence was evaluated five times during the season. In 2009, both tillage and the cover crop reduced Palmer amaranth emergence in cotton, but the combination of the two reduced emergence 85%. In the second year, only the cover crop reduced Palmer amaranth emergence in cotton, a 68% reduction. Cover crops and deep tillage will not eliminate glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth; however, use of these tools will likely reduce the risks of failures associated with residual herbicides along with selection pressure placed on both PRE- and POST-applied herbicides. Additional efforts should focus on the integration of the best cultural practices identified in this research with use of residual herbicides and greater focus on limiting Palmer amaranth seed production and reducing the soil seedbank.

El Amaranthus palmeri resistente a glyphosate se ha convertido en un gran problema para los productores de algodón a lo largo del sur de los Estados Unidos. Al depender los productores de algodón, fuertemente de algodón resistente a glyphosate, se necesita una solución alternativa para controlar A. palmeri resistente. Se realizó un experimento de campo durante 2009 y 2010 en Marianna, AR, en el cual se evaluó el centeno como cultivo de cobertura y la ausencia de cultivo de cobertura en combinación con labranza profunda con el uso de arado de vertedera y cero labranza, para determinar el impacto en la emergencia de A. palmeri en el algodón. Para establecer una población base se pusieron 500 000 semillas de A. palmeri resistente a glyphosate en un área de 2 m−2 en el centro de cada parcela y se incorporaron al suelo, y la emergencia fue evaluada cinco veces durante la temporada de crecimiento. En 2009, ambos sistemas de labranza y el cultivo de cobertura redujeron la emergencia de A. palmeri en algodón, pero la combinación de ambos redujo la emergencia en 85%. En el segundo año, solamente el cultivo de cobertura redujo la emergencia de A. palmeri en el algodón, con una reducción de 68%. Los cultivos de cobertura y la labranza profunda no eliminarán A. palmeri resistente a glyphosate. Sin embargo, el uso de estas herramientas probablemente reducirá el riesgo asociado a fallas en el control con herbicidas residuales, además de la presión de selección asociada a herbicidas PRE y POST. Esfuerzos adicionales deberían enfocarse en la integración de las mejores prácticas culturales identificadas en esta investigación con el uso de herbicidas residuales y un mayor énfasis en limitar la producción de semilla de A. palmeri y así reducir el banco de semillas.

Keywords

GlyphosatePalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watscotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Stoneville 4554 B2RF'rye, Secale cereale L. ‘Wrens Abruzzi'Cover cropcultural weed controlmechanical weed controlmoldboard plowpigweedweed suppression
Type
Notes
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 4 , December 2012 , pp. 832 - 838
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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