Joerss, Hanna; Apel, Christina; Ebinghaus, Ralf (2021): Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface sediments of the North and Baltic Seas in 2016/2017 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.927758
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Abstract:
Along with the phase-out of legacy long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and their precursors, attention has been drawn to emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). This study is aimed at investigating the importance of selected emerging PFASs as pollutants in European coastal environments and a possible transition from legacy long-chain PFCAs and PFSAs to replacement compounds. Therefore, the spatial distribution of 29 PFASs was analysed in surface water and sediment of the North and Baltic Seas sampled in 2017. Levels of the replacement compound HFPO-DA were approximately three times higher than those of its predecessor PFOA in surface water from the North Sea, which is characterised by the influence of point sources and constant exchange with open water. Reanalysis of sample extracts from the last decade showed that HFPO-DA had already been present in 2011, when it had not yet been in focus. In the Baltic Sea with a limited water exchange and dominance of diffuse sources, the proportion of HFPO-DA was negligible, whereas long-chain PFCAs and PFSAs still contributed to ∑PFASs with about 30%. The emerging cyclic compound perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexanesulfonate (PFECHS), which has not yet been reported in European coastal environments, was detected in 86% of the Baltic Sea samples. Influenced by sediment characteristics in addition to source-specific contributions, the spatial distribution of PFASs in surface sediments was more variable than for water samples. The linear isomer of the long-chain legacy substance PFOS was the predominant compound found over the entire study area. Of the emerging PFASs, 6:6 and 6:8 perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids (PFPiAs) were identified close to potential industrial inputs and in sedimentation areas. The results show that particular emerging PFASs play a relevant role in the investigated coastal environments and that a shift to replacements is dependent on sources and geographical conditions. Results are expressed on a dry weight basis.
Related to:
Joerss, Hanna; Apel, Christina; Ebinghaus, Ralf (2019): Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water and sediment of the North and Baltic Seas. Science of the Total Environment, 686, 360-369, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.363
Project(s):
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 33.951879 * Median Longitude: 9.681175 * South-bound Latitude: -34.000000 * West-bound Longitude: 4.165300 * North-bound Latitude: 58.133300 * East-bound Longitude: 14.543650
Date/Time Start: 2016-01-06T20:24:00 * Date/Time End: 2017-09-10T14:05:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m
Event(s):
LP20170606_4 * Latitude: 53.543617 * Longitude: 9.947683 * Date/Time: 2017-06-06T08:59:49 * Campaign: LP20170606 * Basis: Ludwig Prandtl * Method/Device: Box corer (BC)
LP20170606_21 * Latitude: 53.839567 * Longitude: 7.723217 * Date/Time: 2017-06-09T08:13:17 * Campaign: LP20170606 * Basis: Ludwig Prandtl * Method/Device: Box corer (BC)
LP20170606_23 * Latitude Start: 53.745330 * Longitude: 7.126333 * Date/Time: 2017-06-09T10:53:25 * Campaign: LP20170606 * Basis: Ludwig Prandtl * Method/Device: Box corer (BC)
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | Joerss, Hanna | |||
| 2 | Campaign of event | Campaign | Joerss, Hanna | |||
| 3 | Latitude of event | Latitude | Joerss, Hanna | |||
| 4 | Longitude of event | Longitude | Joerss, Hanna | |||
| 5 | Elevation of event | Elevation | m | Joerss, Hanna | ||
| 6 | Date/Time of event | Date/Time | Joerss, Hanna | |||
| 7 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | Joerss, Hanna | Geocode | |
| 8 | Perfluorobutanoic acid | PFBA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.029 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.054 ng/g dw |
| 9 | Perfluoropentanoic acid | PFPeA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0064 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.021 ng/g dw |
| 10 | Perfluorohexanoic acid | PFHxA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.037 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.09 ng/g dw |
| 11 | Perfluoroheptanoic acid | PFHpA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.011 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.022 ng/g dw |
| 12 | Perfluorooctanoic acid | PFOA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.067 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.095 ng/g dw |
| 13 | Perfluorononanoic acid | PFNA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.015 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.023 ng/g dw |
| 14 | Perfluorodecanoic acid | PFDA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0033 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.011 ng/g dw |
| 15 | Perfluoroundecanoic acid | PFUnDA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0028 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.0094 ng/g dw |
| 16 | Perfluorododecanoic acid | PFDoDA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0033 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.011 ng/g dw |
| 17 | Perfluorotridecanoic acid | PFTrDA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0028 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.0094 ng/g dw |
| 18 | Perfluorotetradecanoic acid | PFTeDA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0032 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.011 ng/g dw |
| 19 | Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid | PFBS | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.011 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.037 ng/g dw |
| 20 | Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid | PFHxS | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.036 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.12 ng/g dw |
| 21 | Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid | PFHpS | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.064 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.21 ng/g dw |
| 22 | Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid | PFOS | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.012 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.04 ng/g dw |
| 23 | Henicosalfluorodecane sulfonic acid | PFDS | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.056 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.19 ng/g dw |
| 24 | Perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonic acid | PFECHS | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.042 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.14 ng/g dw |
| 25 | 2,2,3-trifluoro-3-[1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)propoxy]propanoic acid | DONA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0046 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.015 ng/g dw |
| 26 | 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid | HFPO-DA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0049 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.016 ng/g dw |
| 27 | Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid | HFPO-TrA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.1 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.34 ng/g dw |
| 28 | Hexafluoropropylene oxide tetramer acid | HFPO-TeA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.15 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.49 ng/g dw |
| 29 | 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid | 9Cl-PF3ONS | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0019 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.0065 ng/g dw |
| 30 | 11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid | 11Cl-PF3OUdS | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0075 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.025 ng/g dw |
| 31 | Bis(perfluorohexyl)phosphinic acid | 6:6PFPiA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0031 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.01 ng/g dw |
| 32 | Perfluorohexylperfluorooctylphosphinic acid | 6:8PFPiA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0039 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.013 ng/g dw |
| 33 | Perfluoroocatane sulfonamide | FOSA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.0027 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.0091 ng/g dw |
| 34 | 4:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 4:2FTSA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.066 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.22 ng/g dw |
| 35 | 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 6:2 FTSA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.13 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.3 ng/g dw |
| 36 | 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 8:2FTSA | ng/g | Joerss, Hanna | Ultrasonic extraction, coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) | measured in total sediment in dry weight, limit of detection: 0.054 ng/g dw, limit of quantification: 0.18 ng/g dw |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Size:
696 data points