Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Effect of successful aging on mortality in older individuals: The PALA study

EFEITO DO ENVELHECIMENTO BEM SUCEDIDO NA MORTALIDADE EM IDOSOS: ESTUDO PALA

ABSTRACT

The definition of successful aging and identification of predictors have been extensively reviewed, less attention however, has been given to the role of this condition on mortality.

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of aging status (normal or successful) on mortality in a South Brazilian population-based cohort, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables, and to report the mortality rate and causes of death in this population.

Methods:

The baseline sample comprised 345 community-dwelling, independent and healthy Southern Brazilian older individuals who were followed for 12 years. Clinical, socio-demographic, functional and cognitive variables were assessed at baseline and during the follow-up. At baseline, 214 participants fulfilled criteria for successful aging, and 131 for normal aging. The main outcome was death.

Results:

The Cox regression model showed an increased risk for mortality in subjects with normal aging (HR=1.9; p=0.003) adjusted by age (HR=1.1; p<0.001) and by sex (HR=1.9; p=0.002). The overall mortality rate was 41% and the rate was significantly lower among successful than normal agers (p=0.001). The main causes of death were cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Conclusion:

Our main finding was an increased risk of mortality among normal in comparison with successful aging subjects, emphasizing the impact of the heterogeneity of the healthy aging process on mortality.

Key words
mortality rate; causes of death; successful aging; Brazil

RESUMO

A definição de envelhecimento bem sucedido e a identificação dos seus preditores têm sido extensamente revisadas, entretanto o papel desta condição na mortalidade tem sido menos estudado.

Objetivo:

Avaliar o efeito do status de envelhecimento (normal ou bem sucedido) sobre a mortalidade em uma coorte de base populacional do Sul do Brasil, ajustado para variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Descrever a taxa de mortalidade e as causas de morte nessa população.

Métodos:

A amostra inicial foi composta de 345 idosos residentes na comunidade, independentes e saudáveis, que foram acompanhados por 12 anos. Variáveis sociodemográficas, funcionais, cognitivas e clínicas foram avaliadas no início e durante o seguimento. No início do estudo, 214 participantes preencheram os critérios para envelhecimento bem-sucedido, e 131 para envelhecimento normal. O desfecho foi mortalidade.

Resultados:

O modelo de regressão de Cox mostrou um aumento do risco de mortalidade para indivíduos com envelhecimento normal (RC=1,9; p=0,003), ajustado para idade (RC=1,1; p<0,001) e sexo (RC=1,9; p=0,002). A taxa de mortalidade foi significativamente menor entre os idosos com envelhecimento bem sucedido em comparação aos idosos com envelhecimento normal (p=0,001). A taxa de mortalidade geral foi de 41%. As principais causas de morte foram doenças cardiovasculares e câncer.

Conclusão:

O principal resultado deste estudo foi o risco de mortalidade aumentado nos indivíduos com envelhecimento normal em comparação com os indivíduos com envelhecimento bem sucedido, enfatizando o impacto da heterogeneidade do processo de envelhecimento saudável sobre a mortalidade.

Palavras-chave
taxa de mortalidade; causas de óbito; envelhecimento bem sucedido; Brasil

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

REFERENCES

  • 1
    Mehta KM, Yaffe K, Langa KM, Sands L, Whooley MA, Covinsky KE. Additive Effects of cognitive function and depressive symptoms on mortality in elderly community-living adults. J Gerontol Med Sci 2003;58: 461-467.
  • 2
    Rapp MA, Gerstorf D, Helmchen H, Smith J. Depression predicts mortality in young old, but not in the oldest old: results from the Berlin Aging Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008;16:844-852.
  • 3
    Ganguli M, Dodge HH, Mulsant BH. Rates e predictors de mortality in aging, rural, community based-cohort. The role of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:1046-1052.
  • 4
    Panagiotakos DB, Chrysohoou C, Pitsavos C, et al. Forty-years (1961-2001) of all- cause and coronary heart disease mortality and its determinants: the Corfu cohort from the Seven Countries Study. Int J Cardiol 2003;90:73-79.
  • 5
    Rogers R, Everett BG, Saint Onge JM, Krueger P. Social, behavioral, and biological factors, and sex differences in mortality. Demography 2010;47:555-578.
  • 6
    Rabbitt P, Watson P, Donlan C, et al. Effects of death within 11 years on cognitive performance in old age. Psychol Aging 2002;17:468-481.
  • 7
    Takata Y, Ansai T, Inho Soh I, et al. High-level activities of daily living and disease-specific mortality during a 12-year follow-up of an octogenarian population. Clin Int Aging 2013;8:721-728.
  • 8
    Depp CA, Jest DV. Definitions and predictors of successful aging: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006;14:6-20.
  • 9
    Jorm AF, Christensen H. Henderson AS, Jacomb PA, Korten AE, Mackinnon A. Factors associated with successful ageing. Australasian J Ageing 1998;18:33-37.
  • 10
    Rowe JW, Kahn RL. Successful aging. Gerontologist 1997;37:433-444.
  • 11
    Chaves ML, Camozzato AL, Godinho C, Piazenski I, Kaye J. Incidence of Mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease in southern Brazil. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2009;22:181-187.
  • 12
    Chaves ML, Camozzato AL, Eizirik CL, Kaye J. Predictors of normal and successful aging among urban-dwelling elderly Brazilians. J Gerontol Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009;64:597-602.
  • 13
    Godinho C, Camozzato AL, Onyszko D, Chaves MLF. Estimation of the risk of conversion of mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer type to Alzheimer's disease in a south Brazilian population-based elderly cohort: the PALA study. Int Psychogeriatr 2011;1-8.
  • 14
    Montgomery AS, and Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 1979;134:382-389.
  • 15
    Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-198.
  • 16
    Chaves ML, Camozzato A, Godinho C, et al. Validity of the clinical dementia rating scale for the detection and staging of dementia in Brazilian patients. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2007;21:210-217.
  • 17
    Katz A, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA. Jaffe MW. Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychological function. J Am Med Assoc 1963;185:914-919.
  • 18
    Armbrecht HJ. The biology of aging. J Lab Clin Med 2001;138:220-225.
  • 19
    Ministério da Saúde. Mortalidade entre idosos no Brasil: tendências em 20 anos (1991-2010). 2011 Retrieved from: http://portalsaude.saude.gov.br/
    » http://portalsaude.saude.gov.br/
  • 20
    World Health Organization (WHO). The global burden of disease. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report
    » http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report
  • 21
    Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Feigin VL, Rodgers A. Blood pressure and stroke: an overview of published reviews. Stroke 2004;35:776-785.
  • 22
    Lima-Costa MF, Cesar CC, Chor D, Proietti FA. Self-rated health compared with objectively measured health status as a tool for mortality risk screening in older adults: 10-year follow-up of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging. Am J Epidemiol 2012;175:228-235.
  • 23
    Ramos LR, Simoes EJ, Albert MS. Dependence in activities of daily living and cognitive impairment strongly predicted mortality in older urban residents in Brazil: a 2-year follow-up. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:1168-1175.

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    Apr-Jun 2014

History

  • Received
    05 Mar 2014
  • Accepted
    16 May 2014
Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurologia Cognitiva e Envelhecimento R. Vergueiro, 1353 sl.1404 - Ed. Top Towers Offices, Torre Norte, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, CEP 04101-000, Tel.: +55 11 5084-9463 | +55 11 5083-3876 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistadementia@abneuro.org.br | demneuropsy@uol.com.br