Research Note: Popular Music and Gender in Jamaica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1992.13.0.267-282Abstract
Recent discussions about Jamaica’s popular music — reggae — have focused on the kinds of images of women that have been created by reggae artists, especially those who focus on “dance hall” reggae. Content analysis is used here to examine the lyrics of thirty five songs created and performed between the mid-1960s and the end of the 1980s in an attempt to determine whether the images of women in reggae lyrics are largely negative and may contribute to norms that foster discrimination against women.References
Amin, Tahir. 1986. Nationalism and Internationalism in Three Communitarian Traditions: Liberalism, Marxism & Islam. Unpublished manuscript.
Anderson, Beverley J. 1990. Sports and Gender-Based Socialization in Jamaica. Arena Review 14:1.
Anderson, Patricia. 1986. Conclusion: Women in the Caribbean. Social and Economic Research 35:2.
Arche, Sergio and Oden Marichal, eds. 1982. Evangelization & Politics. New York: Circus.
Ardner, S., ed. 1978. Defining Females. London: Croom Helm.
_______ . 1975. Perceiving Women. London: Dent.
Aronson, Elliot. 1972. The Social Animal. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
Barrow, Christine. 1986. Male Images of Women in Barbados. Social and Economic Research 35:3.
Berelson, Bernard. 1952. Content Analysis in Communication Research. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
Berger, Monroe. 1947. Jazz: Resistance to the Diffusion of a Culture Pattern. Journal of Negro History 32.
Berryman, Phillip. 1987. Liberation Theology. New York: Pantheon.
Biafra, Jello. 1987. The Far Right and The Censorship of Music. Harvard Law Review 84:10.
Block, M., ed. 1975. Political Language and Oratory in Traditional Society. London: Academic Press.
Brodber, Ema. 1986. Afro-Jamaican Women at the Turn of the Century. Social and Economic Research 35:3.
Brodber, Ema and J. Edward Green. 1981. Social and Economic Research, Series C.
Cameron, Deborah. 1985. Feminism and Linguistic Theory. London: MacMillan.
Chappie, Steve and ReebeeGarofalo. 1977. Rock'n Roll is Here to Pay. Chicago: Nelson- Hall.
Cooper, Carolyn. 1990. Slackness Hiding from Culture: Erotic Play in the Dance Hall. Jamaica Journal 23: 1&2.
Cosgrove, Stuart. 1989. Slack-talk and Uptight. The New Statesman (July).
Davidson, W. P. 1947. An Analysis of the Soviet-Controlled Berlin Press. PublicOpinion Quarterly 22.
Davis, Stephen and Peter Simon. 1979. Reggae Bloodlines: In Search of the Music and Culture of Jamaica. London: Heinemann Educational Books.
Denisoff, R. Serge. 1975. SolidGold: The Popular Record Industry. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Duster, Troy. 1970. The Legislation of Morality. New York: Free Press.
Elder, J.D. 1968. The Male/Female Conflict in Calypso. Caribbean Quarterly 14: 3 (September).
Firth, Simon. 1986. Art Versus Technology: The Strange Case of Popular Music. Media Culture and Society 8.
Frazer, Elizabeth and Deborah Cameron. 1989. Knowing What to Say: The Construction of Gender Linguistic Practice. In Ralph Grillo, ed., Social Anthropology and the Politics of Language, Sociological Review Monograph 36. London: Routledge.
Griffin, Susan. 1981. Pornography and Silence: Culture's Revenge Against Nature. New York: Harper & Row.
Grillo, Ralph, ed. 1989. Social Anthropology and the Politics of Language, Sociological Review Monograph 36. London: Routledge.
Holsti, Ole R. 1969. Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Horsley, Richard A. 1987. Jesus and the Spiral of Violence. New York: Harper & Row.
Kothari, Rajni. 1987. On Humane Governance. Alternatives 12: 3 (July).
Langley, Winston. 1985. The Banjul Charter on Human and People's Rights. Indian Political Science Review 20.
Lasswell, Harold D. 1942. Analyzing the Content of Mass Communications: A Brief Introduction. Document No. 11, Library of Congress, Experimental Division for Study of Wartime Communication.
Leonard, Neil. 1962. Jazz and the White American: The Acceptance of a New Art Form. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Massiah, Jocelyn. 1986. Establishing a Programme of Women and Development Studies in the University of the West Indies. Social and Economic Research 35: 1.
Pateman, Trevor. 1980. Language, Truth and Politics. Lewes: Jean Stroud.
Price, Ken. 1979. Endless Pressure. Penguin Books.
Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. 1984. Instruction on Certain Aspects of Theology of Liberation. Boston: Daughters of St. Paul.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with American Review of Politics agree to the following terms:
The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
Attribution: other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
Non-Commercial: the materials may not be used for commercial purposes;
Share Alike: If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
with the understanding that the above condition can be waived with permission from the Author and that where the Work or any of its elements is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is in no way affected by the license.
The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a pre-publication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access). Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
The Author represents and warrants that:
the Work is the Author’s original work;
the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
the Work has not previously been published;
the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
