Family displays in child–parent interaction
The contribution of interactional practice to social meaning in display work
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/rcsi.12407Keywords:
children, social interaction, family display, normativityAbstract
This article engages with the sociological concept of ‘display’, that is, the process by which families show that they are family. The article argues for the need to include considerations of how displays are done at the local interactional level. In conversations between children, parents, and an interactive app, this study identifies two distinct patterns regarding how children develop their answers to the question Who are the people in your family?: the nuclear family display and the family of choice display. Each pattern is characterized by both a specific content and specific interactional, structural properties. Such matches between content and structure show that how something is displayed, as revealed by minute details of interaction, form part of participants’ display work.
References
Almack, K. (2008). Display work: Lesbian parent couples and their families of origin negotiating new kin relationships. Sociology, 42(6), 1183–1199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038508096940
Beck, U. & Beck-Gernsheim, E. (1995). The Normal Chaos of Love. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Dermott, E. & Seymour, J. (eds). (2011). Displaying Families: A New Concept for the Sociology of Family Life. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Duggan, L. (2004). The Twilight of Equality: Neoliberalism, Cultural Policy, and the Attack on Democracy. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. https://doi.org/10.1108/02610150710756711
Dunne, G. A. (2000). Opting into motherhood: Lesbians blurring the boundaries and transforming the meaning of parenthood and kinship. Gender & Society 14(1), 11–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124300014001003
Eldén, S. (2013). ‘Your child is just wonderful’: On ethics and access in research with children. Journal of Comparative Social Work, 2, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v8i2.101
Ericsson, S. (2012). ‘That is the dad and this is the mum’: Parent–child co-construction of heterosexual identities in conversations. Gender and Language, 6(2), 405–432. https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.v6i2.405
Ericsson, S. (2017). Ethics in norm-critical design for children. In S. Finken, C. Mörtberg & A. Mirijamdotter (eds), Dilemmas 2015 Papers from the 18th Annual International Conference Dilemmas for Human Services: Organizing, Designing and Managing (pp. 1–10). Växjö: Linnaeus University Press. https://doi.org/10.15626/dirc.2015.00
Ericsson, S. & Boyd, S. (2017). Children’s ongoing and relational negotiation of informed assent in child–researcher, child–child, and child–parent interaction. Childhood, 24, 300–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568216688246
Finch, J. (2007). Displaying families. Sociology, 41(1), 65–81.
Finch, J. (2011). Exploring the concept of display in family relationships. In E. Dermott & J. Seymour (eds), Displaying Families: A New Concept for the Sociology of Family Life (pp. 197–205). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230314306_13
Friedan, B. (1963). The Feminine Mystique. New York: Norton.
Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Goodwin, M. H. & Cekaite, A. (2013). Calibration in directive/response sequences in family interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 46(1), 122–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.07.008
Haldar, M. & Engebretsen, E. (2014). Governing the liberated child with self-managed family displays. Childhood, 21(4), 475–487. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568213508589
Heaphy, B. (2011). Critical relational displays. In E. Dermott & J. Seymour (eds), Displaying Families: A New Concept for the Sociology of Family Life (pp. 19–37). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230314306_2
Heritage, J. (1984). A change-of-state token and aspects of its sequential placement. In J. M. Atkinson & J. Heritage (eds), Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis (pp. 299–345). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511665868.020
Jefferson, G. (1972). Side sequences. In D. N. Sudnow (ed.), Studies in Social Interaction (pp. 294–338). New York: Free Press.
Jefferson, G. (1990). List construction as a task of interactional resource. In G. Psathas (ed.), Interaction Competence (pp. 63–92). Washington, DC: University Press of America.
James, A. & Curtis, P. (2010). Family displays and personal lives. Sociology, 44(6), 1163–1180. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038510381612
Kehily, M. J. & Thomson, R. (2011). Displaying motherhood: Representations, visual methods and the materiality of maternal practice. In E. Dermott & J. Seymour (eds), Displaying Families: A New Concept for the Sociology of Family Life (pp. 61–80). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230314306_4
Kitzinger, C. (2005). ‘Speaking as a heterosexual’: (How) does sexuality matter for talk-in-interaction? Research on Language and Social Interaction, 38(3), 221–265. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3803_2
Kitzinger, C. (2008). Developing feminist conversation analysis: A response to Wowk. Human Studies, 31(2): 179–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-008-9088-7
Land, V. & Kitzinger, C. (2005). Speaking as a lesbian: Correcting the heterosexist presumption. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 38(4), 371–416. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3804_1
Mason, J. & Tipper, B. (2008). Being related: How children define and create kinship. Childhood, 15(4): 441–460. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568208097201
McIntosh, I., Dorrer, N., Punch, S. & Emond, R. (2011). ‘I know we can’t be family, but as close as you can get’: Displaying families within an institutional context. In E. Dermott & J. Seymour (eds), Displaying Families: A New Concept for the Sociology of Family Life (pp. 175–194). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230314306_12
Morgan, D. H. J. (1996). Family Connections: An Introduction to Family Studies. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Rigg, A. & Pryor, J. (2007). Children’s perceptions of families: What do they really think? Children & Society, 21: 17–30.
Ryan-Flood, R. (2009). Lesbian Motherhood: Gender, Families and Sexual Citizenship. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353510375418
Ryan-Flood, R. (2011). Commentary on Almack’s chapter. In E. Dermott & J. Seymour (eds), Displaying Families: A New Concept for the Sociology of Family Life (pp. 122–124). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230314306_8
Schegloff, E. A. (2007). Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/17504813080020030402
Sidnell, J. (2014). Basic conversation analytic methods. In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (eds), The Handbook of Conversation Analysis (pp.77–99). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325001.ch5
Smart, C. (2007). Personal Life: New Directions in Sociological Thinking. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Smart, C. & Neale, N. (1999). Family Fragments? Cambridge: Polity Press.
Sterponi, L. (2009) Accountability in family discourse: Socialization into norms and standards and negotiation of responsibility in Italian dinner conversations. Childhood, 16(4), 441–459. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568209343269
Stivers, T. (2014). Sequence organization. In Sidnell & Stivers (2014) (pp. 191–209).
Stokoe, E. H. & Smithson, J. (2001). Making gender relevant: Conversation analysis and gender categories in interaction. Discourse & Society, 12(2): 217–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926501012002005
Taylor, Y. (2009). Lesbian and Gay Parenting: Securing Social and Educational Capital. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Weeks, J., Heaphy, B. & Donovan, C. (2001). Same Sex Intimacies: Families of Choice and Other Life Experiments. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203167168
Weston, K. (1991). Families We Choose: Lesbians, Gays, Kinship. New York: Columbia University Press.
Zartler, U. (2015). Children’s imagined future lives: Relations between future constructions and present family forms in Austria. Childhood, 22(4), 520–535. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568214555889