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Estimation of soil losses due to water erosion in the Dagua River Basin, Colombia
Estimación de perdidas de suelo causadas por la erosión del agua en la cuenca del Río Dagua, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.103275Keywords:
Basin, Erodibility, Soil conservation, Soil degradation, USLE (en)Cuenca; Conservación de suelos; Degradación de suelos; Erodabilidad; USLE (es)
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The Dagua river basin, in Colombia, is the most important source of water for the Valle del Cauca ecosystem, however, due to poor agricultural practices, it has been affected by water erosion. This study aimed at estimating soil erosion in the Dagua river basin, using the universal soil loss equation (USLE). The results show that most of the area presents erosivities that are between 1000-5000 MJ.mm.ha-1, corresponding to low and very low categories. On the other hand, erodibility ranged from 0.143 to 0.842 t. ha.h. MJ-1 mm-1 ha-1, which is framed in the categories from weak to extremely erodable, where the low to medium category predominates. Regarding soil losses due to erosion, it was found that more than 20% of each of the municipalities of Dagua, Restrepo, La Cumbre, and Vijes, showed high and very high erosion, particularly in the areas with bare soils and crops such as pineapple, contribute strongly, sometimes reaching over 1000 t ha-1 yr-1. Therefore, it is important to promote practices such as contour or contour planting, integrated crop cover management, land uses that integrate trees, and in more critical cases to consider ecological restoration processes.
La cuenca del río Dagua, Colombia, es la fuente de agua más importante para el ecosistema del Valle del Cauca, sin embargo, debido a las malas prácticas agrícolas se ha visto afectada por la erosión hídrica. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la erosión del suelo en la cuenca del río Dagua, empleando la ecuación universal de pérdidas del suelo (USLE). Los resultados muestran que la mayor parte del área presenta erosividades que se encuentran entre los 1000-5000 MJ.mm.ha-1, correspondiendo a categorías baja y muy baja. Por otra parte, se identificaron seis principales órdenes de suelo con erodabilidades que van desde 0.143 a 0.842 t. ha. h. MJ-1 mm-1 ha-1, lo que se enmarca en las categorías de débilmente a extremadamente erodable, predominando la categoría baja a media. Respecto a las pérdidas de suelo por erosión se encontró que más del 20% de cada uno de los municipios de Dagua, Restrepo, La Cumbre y Vijes, presentaron erosión alta y muy alta, y particularmente las áreas con suelos desnudos y cultivos agrícolas como el de piña, contribuyen fuertemente, llegando en algunas ocasiones a superar las 1000 t ha año-1. Por lo tanto, es importante promover prácticas de conservación del suelo tales como, siembras al contorno o en curvas a nivel, manejo integrado de coberturas para cultivos, usos del suelo que integren árboles, eliminar prácticas inadecuadas como quemas generalizadas y desyerbas, y en casos más críticos considerar procesos de restauración ecológica.
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