Posibles impactos de la carretera Iquitos-Saramiriza sobre la biodiversidad de Loreto, Perú

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v28iespecial.21963

Palabras clave:

Cacería, deforestación, desarrollo, fauna, flora, fragmentación

Resumen

La construcción de la carretera Iquitos-Saramiriza proyectada en el departamento de Loreto plantea amenazas sobre la fauna y flora de una zona altamente biodiversa y poco alterada. Aquí, resumimos dichas amenazas en tres puntos: 1) impactos probables, identificados a través de revisión de literatura, 2) estimación de la deforestación, realizada por comparación con otras carreteras amazónicas peruanas y 3) especies más probablemente impactadas. La lista de impactos probables incluyó fragmentación de hábitat, deterioro ambiental, atropellos, dispersión de patógenos, especies invasoras, deforestación, caminos no oficiales y cacería. Estos impactos podrían afectar a unas 3961 especies de plantas y 1595 de vertebrados. La deforestación, en el transcurso de las tres próximas décadas, podría llegar a ser entre 1128 y 3200 km², lo que equivale a más del 80% de la deforestación que ha sufrido Loreto en los últimos 20 años. La fragmentación podría afectar principalmente a unas 83 especies arborícolas y ampliarse hasta la totalidad de fauna y flora en áreas con mayor deforestación. Los atropellos impactarían principalmente a unas 287 especies de animales terrestres, mientras la cacería podría dirigirse hacia unas 31 especies principales. Para 14 especies de vertebrados, la carretera corta completamente su distribución conocida, pudiendo generar poblaciones con poco o nulo intercambio genético. En base a los posibles impactos proyectados, proponemos acciones de mitigación, incluyendo el remplazo de un tramo por transporte fluvial, creación de áreas de protección estricta, instalación de pasos de fauna y la consideración de impactos indirectos en el EIA correspondiente y en otros instrumentos ambientales.

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30.12.2021

Cómo citar

Maffei, Leonardo, and E. Daniel Cossios. 2021. “Posibles Impactos De La Carretera Iquitos-Saramiriza Sobre La Biodiversidad De Loreto, Perú”. Revista Peruana De Biología 28 (especial): e21963. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v28iespecial.21963.