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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag December 20, 2016

Molecular laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for elemental analysis

A new approach to an advanced material research

Molekulare laserinduzierte Plasmaspektroskopie zur Elementanalyse
Neue Möglichkeiten für weiterführende Materialuntersuchungen
  • Anne-Sophie Rother

    Anne-Sophie Rother, M.Sc., graduated in Optics and Laser Engineering (B.Sc.) and Applied Physics (M.Sc.) at the University of Applied Sciences Koblenz and is now working on her doctoral thesis since 2015.

    University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2; 53424 Remagen, Germany

    , Thomas Dietz

    Thomas Dietz, M.Sc., graduated in Optics and Laser Engineering (B.Sc.) and Applied Physics (M.Sc.) at the University of Applied Sciences Koblenz and is now working on his doctoral thesis since 2015.

    University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2; 53424 Remagen, Germany

    , Peter Kohns

    Prof. Dr. Peter Kohns obtained his doctoral degree from the University Bonn in 1993. For several years he worked as head of development in the optical industry. In 2000 he has become a professor at the RheinAhrCampus of the University of Applied Sciences Koblenz. His topics of research are laser material processing and laser spectroscopy.

    University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2; 53424 Remagen, Germany

    and Georg Ankerhold

    Prof. Dr. Georg Ankerhold obtained his doctoral degree from the Faculty of Physics at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and worked in a leading position for several years in the optical industry. Since 2003 he has been teaching atomic physics, laser physics, laser spectroscopy, and fiber optic technologies at the University of Applied Sciences Koblenz. His research is focused on laser spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography.

    University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2; 53424 Remagen, Germany, Phone: +49 2642 932-346, Fax.: +49 2642 905440-346

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From the journal tm - Technisches Messen

Abstract

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with pulsed laser excitation is a well-established method for analyzing the atomic components of an unknown sample based on their characteristic emission spectra. However, standard LIBS analysis provides insufficient results if the atoms to be measured exhibit weak elemental emission lines or if characteristic elemental spectra are disturbed by overlapping stronger lines of other elements in the sample. The analysis of the molecular emission bands arising in the plasma cooling phase seems to be a promising solution. The analysis is carried out by the observation of newly formed radicals and diatomic molecules whose strong molecular emission bands can often be found in the visible spectral region and offer a higher detection sensitivity. This generally requires a time resolved measurement of the LIBS spectra, but we show that in some cases this is not necessarily needed. As an application we present the measurement of chloride contamination in concrete that could help to estimate the repair demand of infrastructure buildings in future.

Zusammenfassung

Die laserinduzierte Plasmaspektroskopie (LIBS) mit kurzen Laserpulsen stellt eine etablierte Methode dar, über die emittierten charakteristischen Linienspektren auf die Elementzusammensetzung einer unbekannten Probe zu schließen. Sind jedoch die auftretenden Emissionslinien des nachzuweisenden Elementes in der Probe nur schwach ausgeprägt oder werden sie durch starke Emissionsspektren anderer Elemente überlagert, so ist bei einer quantitativen Analyse die Nachweisgrenze für das betreffende Element häufig unbefriedigend hoch. Einen eleganten Ausweg bietet die Analyse der zeitlich versetzt auftretenden Emissionsbanden von Radikalen und zweiatomigen Molekülen, die sich in der Abkühlphase des laserinduzierten Plasmas neu gebildet haben. Die molekularen Bandenspektren liegen häufig im sichtbaren Spektralbereich und sind oft deutlich stärker ausgebildet als die Linienspektren der Einzelelemente. Über den indirekten Weg der Molekül- anstelle der direkten Einzelelementmessung kann sich eine weitaus höhere Nachweisempfindlichkeit ergeben. Wir zeigen, dass zeitaufgelöste Messungen molekularer LIBS-Spektren nicht immer zwingend notwendig sind. Eine wichtige Anwendung dieses neuartigen Nachweisverfahrens stellt die hochgenaue ortsaufgelöste Messung der schädlichen Chloridbelastung von Betonbauwerken durch Eindiffusion von Tausalz dar. Damit lässt sich schon frühzeitig ein möglicher Sanierungsbedarf besser abschätzen.

About the authors

Anne-Sophie Rother

Anne-Sophie Rother, M.Sc., graduated in Optics and Laser Engineering (B.Sc.) and Applied Physics (M.Sc.) at the University of Applied Sciences Koblenz and is now working on her doctoral thesis since 2015.

University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2; 53424 Remagen, Germany

Thomas Dietz

Thomas Dietz, M.Sc., graduated in Optics and Laser Engineering (B.Sc.) and Applied Physics (M.Sc.) at the University of Applied Sciences Koblenz and is now working on his doctoral thesis since 2015.

University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2; 53424 Remagen, Germany

Peter Kohns

Prof. Dr. Peter Kohns obtained his doctoral degree from the University Bonn in 1993. For several years he worked as head of development in the optical industry. In 2000 he has become a professor at the RheinAhrCampus of the University of Applied Sciences Koblenz. His topics of research are laser material processing and laser spectroscopy.

University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2; 53424 Remagen, Germany

Georg Ankerhold

Prof. Dr. Georg Ankerhold obtained his doctoral degree from the Faculty of Physics at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and worked in a leading position for several years in the optical industry. Since 2003 he has been teaching atomic physics, laser physics, laser spectroscopy, and fiber optic technologies at the University of Applied Sciences Koblenz. His research is focused on laser spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography.

University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2; 53424 Remagen, Germany, Phone: +49 2642 932-346, Fax.: +49 2642 905440-346

Acknowledgement

This project is supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), project grant No. KF26821030F4. The authors thank the BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung) for supplying calibration samples. We also thank Jenoptik Laser GmbH for providing us the femtosecond laser JenLas®femto 16 for test measurements.

Received: 2016-9-2
Revised: 2016-11-4
Accepted: 2016-11-20
Published Online: 2016-12-20
Published in Print: 2017-1-28

©2016 Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

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