Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter Mouton June 28, 2022

A semiotic analysis of images of Saudi Women’s rights in caricatures in light of Saudi Women’s empowerment

  • Naimah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi , Abeer Alqahtani , Lama Alshahrani and Tariq Elyas ORCID logo EMAIL logo
From the journal Semiotica

Abstract

Many caricaturists get the idea for their caricature from current issues of society. The philosophy of the caricature lies in the opinion it presents, which discusses society’s goals, culture, and crises, and it is represented in an ironic way to deliver its visual message. The fight for women’s rights, inequality, and discrimination are examples of issues concerning Saudi women that have been represented by several caricaturists. Hence, the aim of this paper is to investigate female and male caricaturists’ linguistic and semiotic representation of Saudi women’s challenging issues. Following (Kress and Van Leeuwen. 2006. Reading images: The grammar of visual design, 2nd edn. London: Routledge), a social semiotic multimodal approach to the analysis is adopted in this study, which is drawn from Halliday’s social semiotic theory. Twenty caricatures were carefully selected based on the content and the issues that are being discussed in the caricatures with a consideration of their relation to the aim of the study. The present study contributes to enriching Saudi women’s rights in relation to Saudi Vision 2030. The research is significant in that, in examining women/male caricaturists’ representations of the challenges and opportunities of Saudi women empowerment prior/after Saudi Vision 2030 in the workplace, social life, it contributes to understanding the supportive caricature discourse, basic social values for Saudi women, the pressures they undergo, and the success they have achieved so far in attaining their rights. The study findings show that both the semiotic and verbal elements of the caricatures were significant in delivering the messages for women’s rights in the new Saudi.


Corresponding author: Tariq Elyas, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, E-mail:

Appendix

See Table 1.

Table 1:

Data from the study.

Caricaturist Caricature Theme
Manal Alrussaini Figures:

1, 3, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16,17

Count: 8 caricatures
Women’s Rights: 2

1, 3

Women’s Empowerment: 3

7, 8, 10

Guardianship System: 3

12, 16, 17
Abdulaziz Rabea Figures:

6, 19, 13, 14, 15

Count: 5 caricatures
Women’s Employment: 1

6

Women’s Empowerment: 1

9

Guardianship System: 1

13

Women’s Driving: 2

14, 15
Abdullah Jabir Figures:

2, 4, 5, 11, 18, 19, 20

Count: 7 caricatures
Women’s Rights: 1

2

Women’s Employment: 2

4, 5

Guardianship System: 1

11

Women’s Driving: 1

18

Men’s Dominance: 2

19, 20

References

Abueish, Tamara. 2020. 10. Saudi Arabia’s youth unemployment rate drops as more young women join workforce. Al Arabiya English. https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2020/08/10/Saudi-Arabia-s-youth-unemployment-rate-drops-as-more-young-women-join-workforce (accessed 31 May 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Al-Ghamdi, Naimah A. & Areej H. Albawardi. 2020. Multivocality of Saudi COVID-19 discourse in social media posts: A socio-semiotic multimodal perspective. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies 20(4). 228–250. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2020-2004-13.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Ghamdi, Naimah A., Maryam Al-Katheeri & Razan Al-Oadah. 2020. A sociolinguistic representation of Saudi women drivers. Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 17(7). 383–409.10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_228_19Search in Google Scholar

Aljohani, Obaidalah & Sarah M. Alajlan. 2020. Motivating adult learners to learn at adult-education schools in Saudi Arabia. Sage Open 31(4). 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045159519899655.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Mahadin, Salam. 2003. Gender representations and stereotypes in cartoons: A Jordanian case study. Feminist Media Studies 3(2). 131–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468077032000119281.Search in Google Scholar

AlMunajjed, Mona. 2010. Women’s employment in Saudi Arabia: A major challenge. https://www.arabdevelopmentportal.com/publication/women%E2%80%99s-employment-saudi-arabia-major-challenge (accessed 31 May 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Al-Naimat, Ghazi K. 2019. Semiotic analysis of the visual signs of protest on online Jordanian platforms: Code choice and language mobility. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10(1). 61–70. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1001.09.Search in Google Scholar

Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2013. A most masculine state: Gender, politics, and religion in Saudi Arabia. New York: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139015363Search in Google Scholar

Al-Ubaydli, Omar. 2019. How Saudi Arabia has increased female employment, and why the country benefits. Al Arabiya English. https://english.alarabiya.net/views/news/middle-east/2019/08/12/How-Saudi-Arabia-has-increased-female-employment-and-why-the-country-benefits- (accessed 31 May 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Bourn, Jennifer. 2011. Color meaning: Meaning of the color purple. https://www.bourncreative.com/meaning-of-the-color-purple/ (accessed 31 May 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Cherry, Kendra. 2020. The color psychology of white. https://www.verywellmind.com/color-psychology-white-2795822 (accessed 31 May 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Durgan, Jessica Marie. 2012. Color, the visual arts, and representations of otherness in the Victorian novel. Texas A&M University. PhD diss. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/9069419.pdf (accessed 31 May 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Elyas, Tariq & Abdulrahman Aljabri. 2020. Representations of Saudi male’s guardianship system and women’s freedom to travel in Western newspapers: A critical discourse analysis. Contemporary Review of the Middle East 7(3). 339–357. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347798920921977.Search in Google Scholar

Elyas, Tariq, Kholoud Ali Al-Zhrani, Abrar Mujaddadi & Alaa Almohammadi. 2020. The representation(s) of Saudi women pre-driving era in local newspapers and magazines: A critical discourse analysis. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 48(5). 1033–1052. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2020.1744427.Search in Google Scholar

Giladi, Elad. 2013. Women and gender in Saudi Arabia through the cartoons of ‘Abd Al-Rahman Al-Al-Zahrani’. Memri. https://www.memri.org/reports/women-and-gender-saudi-arabia-through-cartoons-abd-al-rahman-al-al-zahrani (accessed 31 May 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Gilmartin, Patricia & Stanley Brunn. 1998. The representation of women in political cartoons of the 1995 World Conference on Women. Women’s studies international forum, 21(5). 535–549.10.1016/S0277-5395(98)00063-6Search in Google Scholar

Hussain, Muhammad, Arab Naz, Wassem Khan, Umar Daraz & Qaisar Khan. 2015. Gender stereotyping in family: An institutionalized and normative mehanism in Pakhtun society of Pakistan. Sage Open 5(3). 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015595258.Search in Google Scholar

Hynes, Geraldine E. & Marius A. Janson. 2007. Using semiotic analysis to determine effectiveness of internet marketing. In Proceedings of the 2007 Association for Business Communication Annual Convention, 1–19. Washington, DC: Association for Business Communication.Search in Google Scholar

Jeraidi, Sami. 2015. Women and the art of caricature in Saudi Arabia. Women’s News Agency. http://wonews.net/ar/index.php?act=post&id=14807 (accessed 31 May 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Jewitt, Carey & Berit, Henriksen. 2016. Social semiotic multimodality. In Nina-Maria, Klug & Hartmut, Stöckl (eds.), Handbuch Sprache im multimodalen Kontext/Handbook of language in multimodal contexts, 145–164. Berlin: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110296099-007Search in Google Scholar

Kasabi, Naima. 2019. The image of the Algerian woman in social networking sites: A semiotic analysis to a sample of still images in Facebook pages. M’Sila: University of Mohamed Boudiaf at M’Sila Master thesis.Search in Google Scholar

Kress, Gunther & Theo Van Leeuwen. 2002. Color as a semiotic mode: Notes for a grammar of color. Visual Communication 1(3). 343–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/147035720200100306.Search in Google Scholar

Kress, Gunther & Theo van Leeuwen. 2006. Reading images: The grammar of visual design, 2nd edn. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203619728Search in Google Scholar

Naseem, Sana & Kamini Dhruva. 2017. Issues and challenges of Saudi female labor force and the role of Vision 2030: A working paper. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 7(4). 23–27.Search in Google Scholar

Rajkhan, Safaa Fouad. 2014. Women in Saudi Arabia: Status, rights, and limitations. Master’s thesis, University of Washington Bothell. https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/25576 (accessed 31 May 2022).Search in Google Scholar

Riaz, Mehvish & Shaban Muhammad Rafi. 2020. Gender-based socio-semiotic analysis of honour killing in Pakistani paintings. Pakistan Journal of Women’s Studies: Alam-e-Niswan 26(1). 125–149. https://doi.org/10.46521/pjws.026.01.0021.Search in Google Scholar

Sayed, Jawad, Faiza, Ali & Sophie Hennekam. 2018. Gender equality in employment in Saudi Arabia: A relational perspective. Career Development International 23(2). 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1108/cdi-07-2017-0126.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2021-06-22
Accepted: 2021-11-24
Published Online: 2022-06-28
Published in Print: 2022-11-25

© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 21.5.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/sem-2021-0091/html
Scroll to top button