Abstract
Silver(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (Ag(I)-NHC) complexes of mononuclear and binuclear species, synthesised by our group and others in recent years, offer a fascinating outlook on their bioactivity. These complexes advance a range of adaptable structural patterns, leading to intra-specific variation in anticancer and antimicrobial activities. This study therefore reviews the synthesis, structural analysis and bioactivity of Ag complexes derived from mononuclear-NHC complexes either with coordinating or non-coordinating anions and binuclear NHC complexes. Specifically, the effect of stability, chain lengths and lipophilicity on the biological activity of recently reported Ag(I)-NHC complexes is reviewed. These complexes can be further explored as novel antibacterial and anticancer drugs in the nearest future.
About the authors
Patrick O. Asekunowo received a BSc with honours in Chemistry from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, in 1997. Later he entered graduate school to obtain his MSc in Environmental Chemistry from the University of Lagos, Nigeria, and in 2015, he earned a PhD degree under the guidance of Dr. Rosenani A. Haque from the Universiti Sains Malaysia. During his doctoral studies he worked on the transition metal chemistry of ligands having heterocyclic carbene coordination modules, focusing on silver and palladium. Subsequently, from 2015 to 2016, he completed a postdoctoral position at Universiti Sains Malaysia. His research interests include synthetic chemistry ranging from organometallic chemistry, screening the synthesised compound as antimicrobial, antimalarial, antidengue and anticancer agents, to catalysis design.
Rosenani A. Haque received her BSc from Sonoma State University and MSc from San Jose State University, both in California. She then completed her PhD from the University of Western Australia. She is a mother foremost to three children aged 28, 26 and 19. Her research interest is in complexes of N-heterocyclic carbene for catalytic and biological applications. Her research laboratory is in Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. She loves travelling, nature and poetry writing.
Mohd. R. Razali received his BSc and MSc from the University of Malaya, Malaysia, and completed his PhD from Monash University, Australia, in 2013 under the supervision of Prof. Stuart R. Batten and Prof. Glen B. Deacon. He is currently a Senior Lecturer in the School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. To date, he has published more than 50 scientific articles ranging from various topics including crystallography, coordination chemistry and organometallic.
Acknowledgements
R. A. Haque and M. R. Razali thank Universiti Sains Malaysia for the Research University grant 1001/PKIMIA/811346, and P. O. Asekunowo thanks USM for postdoctoral fellowship.
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