Abstract
Sulfur dioxide is considered as an extremely harmful and toxic substance among the air pollutants emitted from the lignite- and other high-sulfur-coal based power plants, old tires processing units, smelters, and many other process industries. Various types of absorbents and desulfurization technologies have been developed and adopted by the industries to reduce the emission rate of SO2 gas. The present paper focuses on the ongoing advances in the development of varieties of regenerative and non-regenerative absorbents viz., Ca-based, Mg-based, Fe-based, Na-based, N2-based, and others along with various FGD technology, viz., wet, dry or semi-dry processes. Additionally, different types of contactors viz., packed column, jet column, spray tower, and slurry bubble columns along with their significant operational and design features have also been discussed. In the existing or newly installed limestone-based FGD plants, an increasing trend of the utilization of newly developed technologies such as limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) and magnesium-enhanced lime (MEL) are being used at an increasing rate. However, the development of low-cost sorbents, particularly suitable solid wastes, for the abatement of SO2 emission needs to be explored sincerely. Many such wastes cause air pollution by way of entrainment of fine particulate matter (PM), groundwater contamination by its leaching, or brings damage to crops due to its spreading onto the cultivation land. One such pollutant is marble waste and in this work, this has been suggested as a suitable substitute to limestone and cost-effective sorbent for the desulfurization of flue gases. The product of this process being sellable in the market or may be used as a raw material in several industries, it can also prove to be an important route of recycling and reuse of one of the air and water-polluting solid wastes.
About the authors
Lokesh Kumar is enrolled as a Ph.D. scholar in the Department of Chemical Engineering, MNIT (Jaipur, India). Presently he is working as an Environmental officer in Enkay Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur, India. During his Ph.D. research work, He explored the Valorisation of the marble slurry waste from the dumping stations in the state of Rajasthan, India for the synthesis of valuable by-products (gypsum & PoP) for their uses in agriculture, paper and pulp, food, pharmaceutical, cement and in construction industries. He has worked as an Assistant Professor in Chemical Engineering Department of ITM University Gwalior, India from 2015 to 2016. He is also proficient in ANSYS FLUENT, ASPEN PLUS, CHEM CAD, Environmental Impact Assessment, and Designing of Plants. His post-graduation is in Chemical Engineering with specialization in Process modelling and simulation (2012–2014) and Graduation in Chemical Engineering (2008–2012) from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Moreover, He has published a number of articles in reputed International Journals and Conferences.
Dr. Susanta Kumar Jana is Professor in the Chemical Engineering Department, MNIT (Jaipur, India). He obtained his PhD degree in Chemical Engineering from IIT Delhi, India. The major areas of his research are Separation Technology (Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction), Chemical Reaction Engineering, Industrial Abatement. Currently he is working on finding of solvents with high regeneration efficiency for desulfurization of exhaust gases using foam-bed and conventional contactors and adsorptive removal of metal ions and organic impurities. He has published/presented over 30 research papers in various international/national journals and conferences of repute, guided four PhD’s and many Master’s students.
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Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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