Abstract
The statistical information on the share of hydrogen sector-wise consumption indicates that 95% of the total consumption is utilized in ammonia synthesis, petroleum refining processes and methanol production. We discuss how hydrogen is used in these processes and in several smaller-scale manufacturing industries. We also present the trend of hydrogen used as fuel, and as an energy carrier in fuel cells for generating electricity, powering hydrogen vehicles, as well as in aerospace applications. Natural gas caters for approximately half of the total hydrogen production resources. Therefore, the scope is emphasized on relatively recent developments in research activities related to the conventional catalytic hydrocarbon processing technologies for the production of hydrogen derived from natural gas (methane), which are steam methane reforming, partial oxidation of methane and autothermal reforming. Hydrocarbon decomposition is included due to its potential to be industrialized in the future, and its benefits of producing clean hydrogen without emissions of greenhouse gases and generating carbon nanofibers or nanotubes as by-products that have the potential in various emerging applications. Attention is given to the efforts toward achieving hydrocarbon conversion improvements, energy savings through thermally efficient operation and reduced operational costs through minimization or elimination of coke formation in the catalytic processes.
About the authors
Luqmanulhakim Baharudin joined the Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury in May 2016 as a PhD candidate. He earned his MPhil in Advanced Chemical Engineering Practice from the University of Cambridge, UK. He has had approximately 10 years of significant international industrial experience in the petrochemical industry working for Haldor-Topsoe, Petronas and ExxonMobil. He is currently developing a monolithic catalytic system for water gas shift and steam methane reforming reactions.
Matthew James Watson joined the Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury in 2015 as an Associate Professor, after more than 15 years of applied R&D experience at Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Pennsylvania. He earned his BE degree from the University of Canterbury in New Zealand and his MSc and PhD from Lehigh University, USA. His research interest includes developing and investigating novel materials such as structured catalyst and adsorbent supports, high-temperature electrolytic reduction of metals, new applications for oxy-fuel combustion and oxygen generation from waste heat.
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the financial support of the Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury.
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