Abstract
The properties of handmade paper used for mounting and conservation of paintings and calligraphy on paper is crucial to the quality and lifespan of such objects. Mounting papers from China, Korea, and Japan vary greatly in performance due to different papermaking methods and fibre materials. In this study, eight types of handmade paper widely used in China, Korea, and Japan were selected for comprehensive comparative analysis investigating their pH as well as optical, mechanical, and ageing properties. The study showed that traditional hanji, improved hanji, and thin Mino paper made of pure kozo fibres performed best in terms of mechanical properties. Among the additives mixed with kozo fibres, clam shell powder was identified as a substance that improves pH and stability of optical properties. Xuan paper Mianliao was found to be a suitable material for mounting hand scrolls and hanging scrolls due to its softness and ageing properties. Traditional hanji, improved hanji, and thin Mino paper are less flexible than xuan paper Mianliao and are considered more suitable for uses other than for mounting scrolls. This study will provide a reference for improving the quality of handmade paper and a theoretical basis for the selection of such papers for the conservation of paintings and calligraphy on paper.
Zusammenfassung
Die Eigenschaften von handgeschöpften Papieren, die für die Montierung und Restaurierung von Malerei und Kalligrafie auf Papier verwendet werden, sind entscheidend für die Qualität und Erhaltung solcher Objekte. Papiere aus China, Korea und Japan weisen aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Herstellungsmethoden und Rohmaterialien große Unterschiede in ihren Eigenschaften auf. In dieser Studie wurden acht unterschiedliche handgeschöpfte Papiere, die in China, Korea und Japan viel Verwendung finden, für eine umfassende vergleichende Analyse ausgewählt, bei der ihr pH-Wert sowie ihre optischen, mechanischen und Alterungseigenschaften untersucht wurden. Die Studie zeigte, dass traditionelles Hanji, verbessertes Hanji und dünnes Mino-Papier aus reinen Kozo-Fasern hinsichtlich ihrer mechanischen Eigenschaften am besten abschnitten. Unter den Zusatzstoffen, die mit Kozo-Fasern gemischt werden, wurde Muschelschalenpulver als eine Substanz identifiziert, die den pH-Wert und die Stabilität der optischen Eigenschaften verbessert. Xuan-Papier Mianliao erwies sich aufgrund seiner Weichheit und seiner Alterungseigenschaften als geeignetes Material für die Montierung von Handrollen und hängenden Schriftrollen. Traditionelles Hanji, verbessertes Hanji und dünnes Mino-Papier sind weniger flexibel als Xuan-Papier Mianliao und eignen sich eher für andere Verwendungszwecke. Diese Studie liefert eine Referenz für die Verbesserung der Qualität von handgeschöpftem Papier und eine theoretische Grundlage für die Auswahl solcher Papiere für die Restaurierung von Malereien und Kalligrafien auf Papier.
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