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Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published online by De Gruyter July 3, 2023

Concept of dementia (Nisyān) in Unani system of medicine and scientific validation of an important Unani pharmacopoeial preparation ‘Majoon Vaj’ for its management: a review

  • Mohd Aleem ORCID logo and Md Imran Khan EMAIL logo

Abstract

Objectives

This review focused on the concept of dementia in the Unani system of medicine and comprehensive, updated information on Majoon Vaj about the phytochemistry, nootropic, CNS activities and provide insights into potential opportunities for future research.

Methods

The classical literature on Majoon Vaj for its anti-dementic properties, and therapeutic uses were gathered from nearly thirteen classical Unani books including Unani Pharmacopoeia. The information of pharmacognosy, phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Majoon Vaj and its ingredient was collected by browsing the Internet (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley online library, Google Scholar, ResearchGate). The relevant primary sources were probed, analysed, and included in this review. The keywords used to browse were Majoon Vaj, Dementia, Nootropic, Acorus calamus, Piper nigram, Zingiber officinalis, Nigella sativa, Carum carvi, Plumbago zeylanica, and β-asarone. Relevant Sources were gathered up to July 2021, and the chemical structures were drawn using ACD/ChemSketch software. The species name and synonyms were checked with WFO (2021): World Flora online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org) an updated version of ‘The Plant List.’

Results

Majoon Vaj contains an excess of bioactive compounds e.g., alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, diterpenes, coumarins, carbohydrates, and fixed oils and its ingredients possess broad pharmacological properties, including cognitive-enhancing, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Conclusions

The literature of Unani medicine is quite rich in discussing the pathophysiological basis of memory disorders. It argues that memory, retention, and retrieval are regulated by a complex process involving various faculties. Majoon Vaj seems to have great potential for therapeutic applications in the treatment of dementia and thus encourage more preclinical and clinical trials in this field.


Corresponding author: Md Imran Khan, Assistant Professor, Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Kottigepalaya, Magadi Main Road, Bengaluru 91, India, Phone: +91 8792358115, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to all teachers for their encouragement and the library staff of NIUM for providing all kinds of literature related to this manuscript at the time of writing.

  1. Research funding: Not Applicable.

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Informed consent: Not Applicable.

  5. Ethical approval: Not Applicable.

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Received: 2021-09-30
Accepted: 2023-05-31
Published Online: 2023-07-03

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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