Synthesis of hydroxyapatite matrix Ag and CNT particle reinforced hybrid biocomposites with improved mechanical and antibacterial properties

Serdar Özkaya; Aykut Çanakçi; A. Hasan Karabacak; Müslim Çelebi; Sabriye Çanakçi; Esma Ceylan

doi:10.1515/ijmr-2023-0120

Published by De Gruyter February 14, 2024

Synthesis of hydroxyapatite matrix Ag and CNT particle reinforced hybrid biocomposites with improved mechanical and antibacterial properties

Serdar Özkaya , Aykut Çanakçi , A. Hasan Karabacak , Müslim Çelebi , Sabriye Çanakçi and Esma Ceylan

From the journal International Journal of Materials Research

https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2023-0120

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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite is an important biomaterial for orthopaedic applications due to its high structural similarity to human bone. However, weak mechanical and antibacterial properties limit the use of hydroxyapatite compared to metallic implants such as Ti and 316L alloys for direct use in the human skeleton. To overcome these shortcomings, we have prepared hydroxyapatite matrix silver and carbon nanotube reinforced biocomposites. Silver particles have beneficial effects on biomaterials due to their effective antibacterial activity. In addition, CNT particles are known for their high strength and their ability to improve the mechanical properties of composite materials. To prepare the hydroxyapatite-based composites, the powder blends with different reinforcement types (Ag, CNT) and ratios were ground using a planetary ball mill. The biocomposite powders were then cold pressed under 500 MPa pressure to obtain green samples. The sintering process was carried out at 1200 °C for 4 h. The microstructural and structural investigations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. In order to better evaluate the mechanical properties of the samples, hardness measurements, compression and fracture tests were carried out. Antibacterial tests were also carried out against various micro-organisms. Both types of reinforcement were found to be effective in improving the mechanical properties. In addition, it was observed that CNT reinforcement slightly increased the antibacterial resistance, but silver-reinforced samples provided excellent antibacterial resistance.

Keywords: Hydroxyapatite composite; Implant; CNT; Ag; Powder metallurgy

Corresponding author: Serdar Özkaya, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Türkiye, E-mail: sozkaya@ktu.edu.tr

Acknowledgments

The researchers would like to thank Akyüz Chemical Materials for providing the hydroxyapatite powders.

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Serdar Özkaya: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Writing – Original draft preparation, Writing – Reviewing and Editing. Aykut Çanakçi: Writing – Original draft preparation, Data curation, Writing – Reviewing and Editing. Abdullah Hasan Karabacak: Writing – Reviewing and Editing. Müslim Çelebi: Writing – Reviewing and Editing. Sabriye Çanakçi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Visualization. Esma Ceylan: Methodology, Data curation.
Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: The authors are grateful to KaradenizTechnical University Research Fund for financially supportingthis research (FDK-2018-7168).
Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2023-03-30

Accepted: 2023-06-23

Published Online: 2024-02-14

Published in Print: 2024-03-25

Synthesis of hydroxyapatite matrix Ag and CNT particle reinforced hybrid biocomposites with improved mechanical and antibacterial properties

Abstract

Acknowledgments

References

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