Abstract
Objectives
According to World Health Organization (WHO),Unhealthy Diet (UD)is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. That’s why it is important to study the UD and its associated factors. Our study aimed to describe the dietary behavior of young high school students and determine associated factors of UD.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out among students of seven high schools in center-eastern Tunisia during the academic year 2021/2022. Data collection was carried out in April2022 by questionnaires. The questions concerned the socio-demographic characteristics, food habits and physical activity. WHO defined UD as the consumption of less than five fruits and vegetables per day. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.
Results
A total of 740 adolescents were included. The mean age was17±1.16 years with extremes ranging from 14to19 years. Sex-ratio was 0.66. UD was found among 91.6 % of the study population. At multivariate analysis, eating cake (aOR=4.062; CI [1.685–9.795]; p=0.002),eating fried-food (aOR=3.239; CI [1.118–9.385]; p=0.03)and consuming sweets (aOR=3.263; CI [1.666–6.394]; p=0.001)were independent risk factors of UD. In the other hand, regular physical activity (aOR=0.524; CI [0.294–0.936]; p=0.029)and having breakfast regularly (aOR=0.523; CI [0.297–0.923]; p=0.025)were independent protective factors of UD.
Conclusions
The findings of this study showed an alarming prevalence of UD. Therefore, it is mandatory to establish effective strategies to support healthy diets and physical activity among adolescents in order to reduce non-communicable diseases related to UD.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge all of the investigators for their contributions to the study.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study, or their legal guardians or wards.
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Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
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