Abstract
Two industrial bleached Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulps (pulps A and B), cooked from the same wood stock with slightly different alkali charges and temperatures, showed different refinability in the laboratory beating of pulp using a PFI mill. The easy to refine pulp (A) and the difficult to refine pulp (B) did not reveal significant differences in their biometric data and general chemical composition, but pulp A showed ca. 5%–10% higher mechanical strength and twice as high refinability compared to pulp B. These differences were ascribed to slightly higher intrinsic viscosity and higher xylan content of pulp A compared to pulp B (1010 vs. 860 cm3 g−1 and 20.1 vs. 17.8%, respectively). The xylan structure and its location in fiber cells were also different, which affected the pulp’s refinability. The presence of high proportion of xylan in the bulk of fibers, rather than in their outer layers, seems to favor the pulp beating. An interpretation was also proposed, according to which the aggregation of cellulose fibrils during cooking, i.e. a partial coalescence of fibril crystallites, may also have a negative effect on pulp refinability.
Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (FCT Ref. UID/CTM/50011/2013), financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and when appropriate co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. The financial and technical support from The Navigator Company (Portugal) is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Bäckström, M., Hammar, L-Å. (2010) The influence of the counter-ions to the charged groups on the refinability of never-dried bleached pulps. Bioresources 5:2751–2764.Search in Google Scholar
Bikova, T., Klevinska, V., Treimanis, A. (2000) Monitoring of lignin and hemicelluloses in spent cooking liquor during kraft delignification. Holzforschung 54:66–70.10.1515/HF.2000.010Search in Google Scholar
Clark, J de Á. Pulp Technology and Treatment for Paper. 2nd edition, Miller Freeman Publ. Inc., San Francisco, CA, 1985.Search in Google Scholar
Dahlman, O., Sjoberg, J., Jansson, U.B., Larsson, P.O. (2003a) Effects of surface hardwood xylan on the quality of softwood pulps. Nordic Pulp Paper Res. J. 18:310–315.10.3183/npprj-2003-18-03-p310-315Search in Google Scholar
Dahlman, O., Jacobs, A., Sjöberg, J. (2003b). Molecular properties of hemicelluloses located in the surface and inner layers of hardwood and softwood pulps. Cellulose 10:325–334.10.1023/A:1027316926308Search in Google Scholar
Driemeier, C., Bragatto, J. (2013) Crystallite width determines monolayer hydration across a wide spectrum of celluloses isolated from plants. J. Phys. Chem. B 117:415–421.10.1021/jp309948hSearch in Google Scholar
Evtuguin, D.V., Daniel, A.I.D., Pascoal Neto, C. (2002) Determination of hexenuronic acids and residual lignin in kraft pulps by UV-spectroscopy in cadoxen solution. J. Pulp Paper Sci. 28:189–192.Search in Google Scholar
Evtuguin, D., Tomás, J., Silva, A., Pascoal Neto, C. (2003) Characterization of an acetylated heteroxylan from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Carbohydr. Res. 338:597–604.10.1016/S0008-6215(02)00529-3Search in Google Scholar
Genco, J.M., Busayasakul, N., Medhora, H.K., Robbins, W. (1990) Hemicellulose retention during kraft pulping. Tappi J. 73:223–233.Search in Google Scholar
Hansson, J. (1970) Sorption of hemicelluloses on cellulose fibres. Part 3. The temperature dependence on sorption of birch xylan and pine glucomannan at kraft pulping conditions. Svensk Papperstidn. 73:49–53.Search in Google Scholar
Hubbe, M.A. (2014) Prospects for maintaining strength of paper and paperboard products while using less forest resources: a review BioResources. 9:1634–1763.10.15376/biores.9.1.1634-1763Search in Google Scholar
Hult, E.-L., Larsson, P.T., Iversen, T. (2001) Cellulose fibril aggregation-an inherent property of kraft pulps. Polymer 42:3309–3314.10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00774-6Search in Google Scholar
Ioelovich, M.Ya., Tupureine, A.D., Veveris, G.P. (1991) Study of cellulose cocrystallization process during its isolation from plants. Khimiya Drevesiny:27–33.Search in Google Scholar
Jayme, G. (1958) Properties of wood celluloses. II. Determination and significance of water retention value. Tappi J. 41:180A–183A.Search in Google Scholar
Jones, D.W. (1971) X-ray and electron diffraction. In: Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives. Eds. Bikales, N.M., Segal, L. Wiley-Interscience, New York. pp. 117–150.Search in Google Scholar
Komarov, V.I., Kazakov, Ya.B., Suchov, D.A., Derkachova, O.Yu. (1994) Influence of fibre wall structure on fundamental, deformation and strength characteristic of unbleached pulp. IVUZ Lesnoi Zhurnal 3:105–111.Search in Google Scholar
Lindström, T. (1992) Chemical factors affecting the behaviour of fibres during papermaking, Nordic Pulp Paper Res. J. 7:181–192.10.3183/npprj-1992-07-04-p181-192Search in Google Scholar
Lindström, T., Kolman, M. (1982) The effect pH and electrolyte concentration during beating and sheet fotming on paper strength. Svensk Papperstidn. 75:R140–R145.Search in Google Scholar
Lisboa, S.A., Evtuguin, D.V., Pascoal Neto, C., Goodfellow, B.J. (2005) Isolation and structural characterization of polysaccharides dissolved in Eucalyptus globulus kraft black liquors. Carbohydr. Polym. 60:77–85.10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.11.024Search in Google Scholar
Lisboa, S.A., Evtuguin, D.V., Pascoal Neto, C. (2009) Study on the xylan precipitation in E. globulus pulp during kraft pulping. Proceedings of International Symposium on Wood, Fiber and Pulping Chemistry. June 15–18, Oslo, Norway, O–027.Search in Google Scholar
Lumiainen, J.J. (2000) Refining of chemical pulp. In: Papermaking Science and Technology Series. Book 8. Papermaking Part 1. Stock Preparation and Wet End. Ed. Paulapuro, H. Fapet Oy, Helsinki. pp. 87–122.Search in Google Scholar
Miller, G.L. (1959) Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem. 31:426–428.10.1021/ac60147a030Search in Google Scholar
Newman, R.H. (2004) Carbon-13 NMR evidence for cocrystallization of cellulose as a mechanism for hornification of bleached kraft pulp. Cellulose 11:45–52.10.1023/B:CELL.0000014768.28924.0cSearch in Google Scholar
Oksanen, T., Buchert, J., Viikari, L. (1997) The role of hemicelluloses in the hornification of bleached kraft pulps. Holzforschung 51: 355–360.10.1515/hfsg.1997.51.4.355Search in Google Scholar
Pinto, P.C., Evtuguin, D.V., Pascoal Neto, C. (2005a) Structure of hardwood glucuronoxylans: modifications and impact on pulp retention during wood kraft pulping. Carbohydr. Polym. 60:489–497.10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.03.001Search in Google Scholar
Pinto, P.C., Evtuguin, D.V., Pascoal Neto, C. (2005b) Effect of structural features of wood biopolymers on hardwood pulping and bleaching performance. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 44:9777–9784.10.1021/ie050760oSearch in Google Scholar
Prozil, S.O., Evtuguin, D.V., Cruz Lopes, L.P. (2012) Structural characterization of polysaccharides isolated from grape stalks of Vitis vinifera L. Carbohydrate Res. 356:252–259.10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.001Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Rebuzzi, F, Evtuguin, D.V. (2006) Effect of glucuronoxylan on the hornification of Eucalyptus globulus bleached pulps. Macromol. Symp. 232:121–128.10.1002/masy.200551414Search in Google Scholar
Salgueiro, A.M., Evtuguin, D.V., Saraiva, J.A., Almeida F. (2016) High pressure-promoted xylanase treatment to enhance papermaking properties of recycled pulp. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 100:9885–9893.10.1007/s00253-016-7703-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Scallan A M (1983) The effect of acidic groups on the swelling of pulps: a review. Tappi J. 66:73–75.Search in Google Scholar
Scallan, A.M., Grignon, J. (1979) The effect of cations on pulp and paper properties. Svensk Papperstidn. 72:40–47.Search in Google Scholar
Scallan, A.M., Tigerstrom, A.C. (1992) Swelling and elasticity of the cell walls of pulp fibres. J. Pulp Paper Sci. 18:J188–J193.Search in Google Scholar
Scott, R.W. (1984) Hemicellulose distribution in pulp fibers and alkaline extraction rates. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 4:199–218.10.1080/02773818408081153Search in Google Scholar
Sjöberg, J., Potthast, A., Rosenau, T., Kosma, P., Sixta, H. (2005) Cross-sectional analysis of the polysaccharide composition in cellulosic fiber materials by enzymatic peeling/high-performance capillary zone electrophoresis. Biomacromol. 6:3146–3151.10.1021/bm050471jSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Walsh, F.L., Banerjee, S. (2007) Characterization of thin water layers in pulp by tritium exchange. Part 2. Effect of refining on water absorption. Holzforschung 61:120–123.10.1515/HF.2007.022Search in Google Scholar
Wedin, H., Sevastyanova, O., Evtuguin, D.V., Ragnar, M., Lindström, M.E. (2013) Impact of extended-impregnation cooking on the xylan structure in Eucalyptus urograndis kraft pulps. Nordic Pulp & Paper Res. J. 28:498–505.10.3183/npprj-2013-28-04-p498-505Search in Google Scholar
Yllner, S., Enström, B. (1957). Studies of the adsorption of xylan on cellulose fibers during the sulphate cook. Part 2. Svensk Papperstidn. 60:549–554.Search in Google Scholar
Young, R.A. (1994) Comparison of the properties of chemical cellulose pulps. Cellulose 2:107–130.10.1007/BF00819662Search in Google Scholar
©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
