Abstract
When attempting to position Language-Ideologies research within the framework of Applied Linguistics and related scientific sub-disciplines and approaches, it becomes evident that significant overlaps with research fields such as Language Attitudes, Folk Linguistics and Language Awareness exist. The question arises as to whether the differences are more closely related to various scientific subcommunities than to the phenomena under investigation. Similarities may go unnoticed either because researchers do not sufficiently engage with related approaches, or differences relating to content and methodology are overly emphasised for reasons of disciplinary demarcation. This article is based on a very broad concept of Language Awareness, which has evolved beyond its traditional context of language teaching and learning. This concept encompasses perception, folk-linguistic reflections and extends to academic theorising, while also incorporating affective and evaluative aspects. The article demonstrates shows how approaches pursued in the respective communities can be brought together in a fruitful way to jointly explain interconnected phenomena. Additionally, some other aspects of Language Ideologies are discussed, such as their different levels (micro, meso, macro), ranging from concrete individual case evaluations to more abstract Language Ideologies and, finally, to the level where Language Ideologies transition into broader ideologies and worldviews.
Zusammenfassung
Beim Versuch, die Language Ideologies-Forschung im System angewandt-linguistischer und angrenzender Wissenschafts(sub)disziplinen und Ansätze zu verorten, wird man feststellen, dass es größere Überschneidungen mit Forschungsfeldern wie Language Attitudes, Folk Linguistics und Language Awareness gibt. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob die Unterschiede nicht eher mit den verschiedenen scientific subcommunities zusammenhängen als mit den untersuchten Phänomenen selbst. Ähnlichkeiten werden entweder nicht gesehen, weil die Forscher sich nicht genügend mit verwandten Ansätzen auseinandersetzen, oder es werden aus Gründen disziplinärer Abgrenzung inhaltliche oder besonders auch methodische Unterschiede überbetont. Im Beitrag wird von einem sehr breiten Language Awareness-Begriff ausgegangen, der sich aus dem ursprünglich ganz zentralen Sprachlehr- und -lern-Kontext gelöst hat und nun von Perzeption über folklinguistische Reflexion bis hin zu akademischer Theoriebildung reicht, aber auch affektiv-bewertende Aspekte einbezieht. Es wird gezeigt, wie Ansätze aus den betreffenden Communitys nutzbringend zusammengeführt werden können, um gemeinsam miteinander zusammenhängende Phänomene zu erklären. Daneben werden auch noch einige andere Aspekte von Sprachideologien diskutiert, etwa ihre verschiedenen Levels (micro-, meso-, macro-), ausgehend von konkreten Einzelfallbewertungen über abstraktere Sprachideologien bis zur Ebene, wo Sprachideologien in allgemeinere Ideologien und Weltanschauungen übergehen.
Abstracto
Al intentar situar la investigación sobre las ideologías lingüísticas (Language Ideologies) dentro del sistema de la lingüística aplicada y las (sub)disciplinas y enfoques científicos vecinos, se observará que existen grandes solapamientos con campos de investigación como las actitudes lingüísticas (Language Attitudes), la lingüística popular (Folk Linguistics) y la conciencia lingüística (Language Awareness). Cabe preguntarse si las diferencias no están más relacionadas con las distintas subcomunidades científicas que con los propios fenómenos investigados. O bien no se aprecian las similitudes porque los investigadores no se comprometen lo suficiente con enfoques afines, o bien se sobredimensionan las diferencias de contenido o, sobre todo, las diferencias metodológicas por razones de demarcación disciplinaria. Este artículo se basa en un concepto muy amplio de conciencia lingüística, que se ha alejado del contexto originalmente central de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de lenguas y abarca ahora desde la percepción hasta la reflexión ‘folk-lingüística’ para llegar a la teorización académica, incluyendo los aspectos afectivos y evaluativos. Se muestra cómo se pueden conjugar fecundamente enfoques de las comunidades pertinentes para explicar fenómenos interrelacionados. Además, se discuten algunos otros aspectos de las ideologías lingüísticas, como sus diferentes niveles (micro-, meso-, macro-), partiendo de juicios concretos de casos individuales pasando por ideologías lingüísticas más abstractas hasta el nivel en el que las ideologías lingüísticas se funden en ideologías y visiones del mundo más generales.
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