Acknowledgments
This study was supported by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/Brazil, number 476758/2012-2). R.N. Moresco is recipient of CNPq Research Productivity Fellowship. The authors thank Bioclin/Quibasa (Belo Horizonte, Brazil) for providing biochemical reagents.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Financial support: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil), (Grant/Award Number: ‘476758/2012-2’).
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Vaidya VS, Ferguson MA, Bonventre JV. Biomarkers of acute kidney injury. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2008;48:463–93.10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094615Search in Google Scholar
2. Reutens AT. Epidemiology of diabetic kidney disease. Med Clin North Am 2013;97:1–18.10.1016/j.mcna.2012.10.001Search in Google Scholar
3. Gosmanov AR, Wall BM, Gosmanova EO. Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Am J Med Sci 2014;347:406–13.10.1097/MAJ.0000000000000185Search in Google Scholar
4. Dwyer JP, Parving HH, Hunsicker LG, Ravid M, Remuzzi G, Lewis JB. Renal dysfunction in the presence of normoalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes: results from the DEMAND study. Cardiorenal Med 2012;2:1–10.10.1159/000333249Search in Google Scholar
5. Waikar SS, Sabbisetti VS, Bonventre JV. Normalization of urinary biomarkers to creatinine during changes in glomerular filtration rate. Kidney Int 2010;78:486–94.10.1038/ki.2010.165Search in Google Scholar
6. Website: National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF KDOQI) Guidelines. Guideline 1: screening and diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease. Available from: http://www.kidney.org/professionals/KDOQI/guideline_diabetes/guide1.htm. Accessed 22 July, 2014.Search in Google Scholar
7. Helmersson-Karlqvist J, Ärnlöv J, Larsson A. Day-to-day variation of urinary NGAL and rational for creatinine correction. Clin Biochem 2013;46:70–2.10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.09.022Search in Google Scholar
8. Boeniger MF, Lowry LK, Rosenberg J. Interpretation of urine results used to assess chemical exposure with emphasis on creatinine adjustments: a review. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1993;54:615–27.10.1080/15298669391355134Search in Google Scholar
9. Morgenstern BZ, Butani L, Wollan P, Wilson DM, Larson TS. Validity of protein-osmolality versus protein-creatinine ratios in the estimation of quantitative proteinuria from random samples of urine in children. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;41:760–6.10.1016/S0272-6386(03)00023-4Search in Google Scholar
10. Marc Conti M, Moutereau S, Esmilaire L, Desbene C, Lallali K, Devanlay M, et al. Should kidney tubular markers be adjusted for urine creatinine? The example of urinary cystatin C. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:1553–6.Search in Google Scholar
©2015 by De Gruyter