Abstract
Primary hypertension is a very common disorder particularly in the aging population but hypertensive disorders can appear earlier in life, especially when obesity and unhealthy lifestyle are present. Also pregnant women can be at risk of developing gestational hypertension and/or pre-eclampsia, which causes complications in nearly 7% of pregnancies. These “special” populations could be regarded as natural models suited to reveal mechanisms of hypertension development which are either common to other forms of hypertension, including primary hypertension or specific to these populations. Recent studies in the field of genetics of primary hypertension have used new powerful tools, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and sequencing, but studies about hypertension during childhood and in pregnancy have seldom used high-throughput technologies and the knowledge in this field comes mostly from the candidate gene approach. In this review we summarize some interesting results from genetic studies conducted in childhood and adolescence and during pregnancy and underline the need to apply modern technologies in these potentially very fruitful populations.
About the authors
Elisa Danese studied Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology at the University of Padova. Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry was made in 2010 before having a position at the University of Verona as researcher. Currently she is attending a PhD Program in Medical, Clinical and Experimental Science. Her research interests are mainly related to tumour biology and biomarkers; pharmacogenetic, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy; pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical variability; heritability of blood pressure and blood pressure variability. She is author or co-author of more than 35 peer-reviewed publications.
Dr. Martina Montagnana obtained medical degree at University of Verona in 2002. Specialization with honours in Clinical Biochemistry was made at University of Verona in 2008 in the work-group of Prof. Gian Cesare Guidi. From May 2011 she has a position of assistant professor at the University of Verona. Dr. Montagnana has several research interests, in particular pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical variability, experimental and clinical aspects of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors, tumour biomarkers, genes implicated in blood pressure regulation and metabolic syndrome development, genes implicated in cancer. She is the author or co-author of 269 scientific articles on international peer-reviewed journals (total I.F. 819, Scopus H-index: 26, Web of Science H-index: 23). Moreover, she is author or co-author in more than 100 scientific presentations at national/international meetings with abstracts. During the specialization course and thereafter Dr. Montagnana spent three research periods at the “Wallenberg Laboratory” and at the “Clinical Research Centre” attached to the Departments of Endocrinology and of Medicine at the University Hospital of Malmö (University of Lund) working on different research projects about genetics of complex disease and in particular of hypertension using molecular biology technologies. Dr. Montagnana works as “referee” for several international journals and she is member of some scientific societies (AACC, AHA, SIBioC, SISA, SIMeL). At the University of Verona she is docent for the School of Specialization in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Moreover, she is docent for the degree course of the Medicine and Surgery faculty and for the degree course of the Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences Faculty.
Cristiano Fava obtained his medical degree and specialization in Internal Medicine at Verona University. Since 2002 he started a collaboration with Prof. Melander’s group at Lund University (Sweden) where he learned several techniques about molecular biology and obtained his PhD degree in 2007 presenting the thesis “Heritability of blood pressure: monogenes and polygenes”. Since 2007 until now he has been employed at Verona University as assistant professor and worked as consultant in the Internal Medicine Clinic, headed by Prof. Minuz, at Verona University Hospital. His research field comprehends experimental and clinical aspects of arterial hypertension, cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial function, genetics and pharmacogenetics of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Dr. Fava published more than 40 articles in indexed peer-reviewed journals and participated with numerous abstracts to national and international meetings held by Scientific Societies. Since 2012 he is on the Editorial Board of the “Journal of Hypertension” and he is member of several scientific societies in the field of hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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