Abstract
Over the lifecycle of a production plant digitalization leads to a large data footprint along different software (SW) components. A digital data exchange is the fundament to support data integrity, prevent data loss and avoid duplicate work. AutomationML (AML) is a commonly accepted tool-independent format to exchange data of different domains along the lifecycle of a production plant. This contribution provides an easy-to-use workflow that empowers SW components to transform AML into a strongly typed class hierarchy which is the basis for an efficient and maintainable SW solution.
Zusammenfassung
Über den Lebenszyklus von Produktionsanlagen führt die Digitalisierung zu großen Datenmengen in verschiedenen Software(SW)-Komponenten. Ein digitaler Datenaustausch ist die Basis, um Datenintegrität zu gewährleisten, Datenverlust zu vermeiden und doppelter Arbeit vorzubeugen. AutomationML ist ein allgemein akzeptiertes, werkzeugunabhängiges Format zum Austausch von Daten unterschiedlicher Domänen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt eine Möglichkeit für SW-Komponenten, um AML in eine stark typisierte Klassenhierarchie zu überführen und eine effiziente, leicht wartbare SW-Lösung zu schaffen.
About the authors
Tina Mersch studied computer science and obtained her Ph.D. in Engineering from RWTH Aachen University. Starting in 2012, she worked at Beckhoff Automation as a software developer in the field of data exchange and seamless engineering. Since 2023, she has been working at EKS Intec as a Research Officer, focusing on information models. Her core areas of expertise are AutomationML, OPC UA Nodesets, and model transformation. She actively participates in the Continuous Engineering Technical Committee of GMA, various working groups of the AutomationML e.V. and the joint working group of AutomationML e.V. and the OPC Foundation. She is involved in various national and international standardization committees in the field of Industry 4.0 and interoperability.
Miriam Schleipen studied computer science and holds a PhD in engineering from KIT. Between 2005 and 2017 she was engaged in applied research on MES and interoperability at the Fraunhofer IOSB and was in leading positions for 8 years. From 2017 to 2021 she worked as lead SW architect for Siemens Digital Industry in the context of common used SW components, e.g. SW licenses, user management or system diagnostics, and was member of the HMI platform SW architecture team. Since 2021 she is Chief Research Officer at EKS InTec GmbH dealing with semantic interoperability and sustainability in automation ecosystems based on Digital Twins and their application in automation environments. She is head of the joint working group of OPC foundation and AutomationML e.V., leads the German Glossary Industrie 4.0, and participates in national and international standardization groups dealing with semantic interoperability und Industrie 4.0.
Acknowledgment
This contribution is part of a paper series in honour to the 70th anniversary of em. Prof. Dr. Epple, co-developer of CAEX and an excellent mentor. It provides insights into our current work in the research project DIAMOND which is financed by the European Union and funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action on the basis of a decision by the German Bundestag.
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
References
[1] N. Shahim and C. Møller, “Economic justification of virtual commissioning in automation industry,” in 2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 2016, pp. 2430–2441.10.1109/WSC.2016.7822282Search in Google Scholar
[2] S. T. Mortensen, D. Chrysostomou, and O. Madsen, “A novel framework for virtual recommissioning in reconfigurable manufacturing systems,” in 2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2017, pp. 1–4.10.1109/ETFA.2017.8247744Search in Google Scholar
[3] C. G. Lee and S. C. Park, “Survey on the virtual commissioning of manufacturing systems,” J. Comput. Des. Eng., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 213–222, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7315/jcde.2014.021.Search in Google Scholar
[4] H. Hämmerle, A. Strahilov, and R. Drath, “AutomationML im Praxiseinsatz,” Atp Magazin, vol. 58, pp. 52–64, 2016. https://doi.org/10.17560/atp.v58i05.2302.Search in Google Scholar
[5] R. Drath, P. Weber, and N. Mauser, “An evolutionary approach for the industrial introduction of virtual commissioning,” in 2008 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 2008, pp. 5–8.10.1109/ETFA.2008.4638359Search in Google Scholar
[6] VDI/VDE 3695 Blatt 2 – Engineering of Industrial Plants – Evaluation and Optimization of the Engineering – Subject “Processes”. Available at: https://www.vdi.de/richtlinien/details/vdivde-3695-blatt-2-engineering- von-anlagen-evaluieren-und-optimieren-des-engineerings-themenfeld-prozesse [accessed: Feb. 16, 2023].Search in Google Scholar
[7] VDI/VDE 3695 Blatt 3 – Engineering of Industrial Plants – Evaluation and Optimisation of the Engineering – Subject “Methods”. Available at: https://www.vdi.de/richtlinien/details/vdivde-3695-blatt-3-engineering- von-anlagen-evaluieren-und-optimieren-des-engineerings-themenfeld-methoden [accessed: Feb. 16, 2023].Search in Google Scholar
[8] S. Thongnuch, A. Fay, and R. Drath, “Semi-automatic generation of a virtual representation of a production cell,” Automatisierungstechnik, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 372–384, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2017-0108.Search in Google Scholar
[9] A. Lüder, N. Schmidt, R. Rosendahl, and M. John, “Integrating different information types within automationml,” in Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2014, pp. 1–5.10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005275Search in Google Scholar
[10] A. Lüder and N. Schmidt, AutomationML in a Nutshell, Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017, pp. 213–258.10.1007/978-3-662-53248-5_61Search in Google Scholar
[11] R. Drath, AutomationML – Das Lehrbuch für Studium und Praxis, Berlin, Boston, De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2022.10.1515/9783110782998Search in Google Scholar
[12] R. Drath, Ed. AutomationML – A Practical Guide, Berlin, Boston, De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2021.10.1515/9783110746235Search in Google Scholar
[13] R. Drath, Ed. AutomationML – The Industrial Cookbook, Berlin, Boston, De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2021.10.1515/9783110745979Search in Google Scholar
[14] Automationml Specifications. Available at: https://www.automationml.org/about-automationml/specifications/ [accessed: Feb. 16, 2023].Search in Google Scholar
[15] R. Drath, “Let’s talk automationml what is the effort of automationml programming?,” in Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012), vol. 17, 2012, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489783.Search in Google Scholar
[16] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman, Eds., Software Architecture in Practice (Sei Series in Software Engineering), Amsterdam, Addison-Wesley Longman, 2012.Search in Google Scholar
[17] M. Schleipen, Adaptivität und semantische Interoperabilität von Manufacturing Execution Systemen (MES), Ph.D. thesis, 2012.Search in Google Scholar
[18] DIAMOND – Digitale Anlagenmodellierung mit neutralen Datenformaten. Available at: https://diamond-project.de/ [accessed: Feb. 16, 2023].Search in Google Scholar
[19] AutomationML Engine. Available at: https://github.com/AutomationML/AMLEngine2.1 [accessed: Feb. 16, 2023].Search in Google Scholar
[20] T. Mersch, Regelbasierte Modelltransformation in prozessleittechnischen Laufzeitumgebungen, dissertation, Düsseldorf, RWTH Aachen University, 2018. Auch veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University; Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2017. Available at: https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/748566.Search in Google Scholar
[21] AutomationML Downloads. Available at: https://www.automationml.org/download-archive/ [accessed: May 02, 2023].Search in Google Scholar
[22] M. Schleipen, “A concept for conformance testing of automationml models by means of formal proof using ocl,” in 2010 IEEE 15th Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2010), 2010, pp. 1–5.10.1109/ETFA.2010.5641270Search in Google Scholar
[23] M. Bauer, H. Baqa, S. Bilbao, et al.., “Towards semantic interoperability standards based on ontologies: Semantic Interoperability White Paper,” White Paper, 2019. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26825.29282.Search in Google Scholar
[24] M. Glawe, C. Tebbe, A. Fay, and K.-H. Niemann, “Knowledge-based engineering of automation systems using ontologies and engineering data,” in Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management – KEOD, (IC3K 2015), INSTICC, SciTePress, 2015, pp. 291–300.10.5220/0005614502910300Search in Google Scholar
[25] A. Björkelund, J. Malec, K. Nilsson, and P. Nugues, “Knowledge and skill representations for robotized production,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 8999–9004, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.01053.Search in Google Scholar
[26] C. Steinmetz, K. Gloewing, G. N. Schroeder, A. Binotto, A. Rettberg, and C. E. Pereira, “AutomationML im Praxiseinsatz,” Atp Magazin, vol. 65, pp. 69–77, 2023. https://doi.org/10.17560/atp.v65i5.2655.Search in Google Scholar
[27] S. Runde, H. Dibowski, A. Fay, and K. Kabitzsch, “A semantic requirement ontology for the engineering of building automation systems by means of owl,” in 2009 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 2009, pp. 1–8.10.1109/ETFA.2009.5346991Search in Google Scholar
[28] L. Abele, C. Legat, S. Grimm, and A. W. Müller, “Ontology-based validation of plant models,” in 2013 11th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 2013, pp. 236–241.10.1109/INDIN.2013.6622888Search in Google Scholar
[29] S. Runde, K. Güttel, and A. Fay, “Transformation von CAEX-Anlagenplanungsdaten in OWL. Eine Anwendung von Technologien des Semantic Web in der Automatisierungstechnik,” in Tagungsband zum Automation 2009-Kongreß Baden-Baden, VDI-Berichte, vol. 2067, 2009, pp. 175–178.Search in Google Scholar
[30] S. Runde, A. Fay, and S. Boehm, “Konvertierung von OWL-Planungsergebnissen nach CAEX,” in Tagungsband Automation 2010, Baden-Baden, VDI-Berichte, 2010.Search in Google Scholar
[31] M. Fowler, Ed. Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture, Addison-Wesley Professional, 2002.Search in Google Scholar
[32] AutomationML – Application Recommendations: Automation Project Configuration – AR APC. Available at: https://www.automationml.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/AR-APC-1_3_0.zip [accessed: Feb. 02, 2023].Search in Google Scholar
[33] M. Fowler, How to Move beyond a Monolithic Data Lake to a Distributed Data Mesh. Available at: https://martinfowler.com/articles/data-monolith-to-mesh.html [accessed: Feb. 16, 2023].Search in Google Scholar
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
