İZOMETRİK KUVVET ÖLÇÜMÜNDE TOPUK YÜKSELTMENİN VASTUS LATERALİS VE GASTROCNEMIUS KASLARININ EMG AKTİVİTESİNE ETKİSİ
Öz
Topukları yükselterek yapılan izometrik kuvvet ölçümünün vastus lateralis (VL) ve gastrocnemius (GAST) kaslarının elektromyografik (EMG) aktivitesine olan etkisini incelemek amacıyla bu çalışmaya 10 gönüllü aktif erkek denek (Yaş: 23.6±2 yıl, Boy: 177±4 cm, Vücut Ağırlığı (VA): 72.3±4 kg) katılmıştır. Rastgele olarak teste alınma sırası belirlenen deneklerin topukları düz yere basarken ve topuklarının altında 4 cm yükseklik var iken bacak kuvvetleri elektronik dinamometre ile ölçülmüş, bu esnada alt ekstremite kaslarından VL ve GAST kaslarının EMG (elektromyografi) aktivitesi kayıt edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi için aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma ve parametrik olmayan testlerden “Wilcoxon Eşleştirilmiş İki Örnek Testi”, ilişkilerin belirlenmesi için “Pearson korelasyon katsayısı” kullanılmış, araştırmada güven aralığı 0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Düz topukla (DT) ve yükseltilmiş topukla (YT) yapılan izometrik bacak kuvveti ölçümleri arasındaki fark ve iki farklı topuk pozisyonunda yapılan kuvvet ölçümleri esnasında kayıt edilen GAST ve VL kaslarının EMG aktiviteleri arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Parametreler arasındaki ilişkiler incelendiğinde düz topukla ve yükseltilmiş topukla yapılan izometrik kuvvet ölçümleri esnasında kayıt edilen VL kasının (DT VL EMG - YT VL EMG) EMG aktiviteleri arasında .86 ve GAST kasının EMG aktiviteleri (DT GAST EMG – YT GAST EMG) arasında ise .71 lik pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma bize skuat pozisyonunda ağırlık kaldırırken genelde stabilitenin sağlanması için yapılan topuk yükseltmenin VL ve GAST kaslarındaki motor nöronlarının devreye girmesinde bir artışa veya azalmaya neden olmadığını, buna bağlı olarak da kuvvet üretiminde anlamlı bir değişikliğin meydana gelmediğini göstermektedir
Anahtar Kelimeler
İzometrik kuvveti ölçümü Elektromyografi Gastrocnemius Vastus lateralis Skuat
Kaynakça
- Kuipers, H., Optimizing Sport Performance. Advances in the Evulation of Sports Training. Ed. Lamb, D. R., Murray, R. Cooper Pub. 1997.
- Heyward, V. H. Advanced Assessment & Exercise Prescription. 2. Edith, Human Kinetics Books Champaign, Illinois. 1991.
- Wilmore, J. H., Costil, D. L., Training for Sports and Activity. 2. Edith, Human Kinetics Pub. 1988.
- Gamble, J. N., The Injured Athlete. Strength and Conditioning for the Competitive Athlete. Edit: Kulund D.N. 2. Edition. London. J. B.Lippincontt Comp. 250-258. 1988.
- Beachle, T. R., Earle, R. W., Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. 2. Edith. Human Kinetics. 2000.
- Hannien, O., “Use of EMG in Sports Medicine”. The New Method For Ambulatory EMG Recording in Sports And Occupational Medicine. Ed. I. Karvonen. Kuopio. Mega Electronics Ltd. 17-24. 1989.
- Astrand, P. O., Rodahl, K., Textbook of Work Physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill. 341-384. 1987.
- http://moon.ouhsc.edu/dthompso/namics/mu.htm
- McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., Katch, V.L., Essentials of Exercise Physiology. 2. ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, London. 2000.
- Arheim, D. O., Modern Principles of Athletic Training. 2.Edition. Illinois; Human Kinetics Pub. 153-155. 1989.
- Eston, R., Reilly, T., Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual. Melbourne: E & FN Span. 1996.
- Aberrethy, B., Hanrahan, S. J., Kippers, V., Pandy, M. G. The Biophysical Foundations of Human Movement. 2. Edith. Human Kinetics. 2005.
- Petrofsky, J., Laymon, M., “The Relationship Between Muscle Temperature, MUAP Conduction Velocity and the Amplitude and Frequency Components of the Surface EMG During Isometric Contractions”. Basic Appl Myol 15 (2): 61-74. 2005.
- Vander, A. J., Sherman, J. H., Luciano, D. S., Human Physiology. Mechanic of Body Function. 3. Edith. New-York: McGraw-Hill Inc. 211-215. 1980.
- Ebersole, K. T., Malek, D. M., “Fatigue and the Electromechanical Efficiency of the Vastus Medialis and Vastus Lateralis Muscles”. J Athl Train. 43(2): 152–156. 2008.
- Clarys, J. P., Cabri, J., “Electromyography and the Study of Sports Movements.” Journal of Sports Sciences. 11. 379-448. 1993.
- Collins, J. J. Antagonistic-Synergistic Muscle Action at the Knee During Competitive Weightlifting. Med&Biol. Eng&Compt. 32 (2). 1994.
- Dionisio, V. C., Almeida, G. L., Duarte, M., Hirata, R. P., Kinematic, Kinetic and EMG Patterns During Downward Squatting. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2006.
- Escamilla, R. F., Fleisig, G. S., Zheng, N., Lander, J.E., Barrentine, S.W., Andrews, J.R., Bergemann, B.W., Moorman, C. T. Effect of Technique Variations on Knee Biomechanics During the Squat and Leg Press. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33(9). 1552-1566. 2001.
- Sriwarno, A.B., Shimomura, Y., Iwanaga, K., Katsuura, T. “The effects of heel elevation on postural adjustment and activity of lower-extremity muscles during deep squatting-to-standing movement in normal subjects”. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 20: 31-38, 2008.
- http://www.3dhumanmotion.com/pdf/HMA-Heel%20Raised%20Squats.pdf
- Yessis, M. Kinesiology of Exercise. Master Pres. 1992.
- Kennedy P. M., Cresswell, A.G. The Effect of Muscle Length on Motor-Unit Recruitment During İsometric Plantar Flexion in Humans. Exp Brain Res. 137:58–64. 2001.
- Sriwarno, A. B., Shimomura, Y., Iwanaga, K., Katsuura, T., The Relation Between the Changes of Postural Achievement, Lower Limb Muscle Activities, and Balance Stability in Three Different Deep-squatting Postures. J Physiol Anthropol 27(1): 11–17. 2008.
- Coşkun, Y., Ergen, E., Hazır, T., Üç Farklı Ayakkabı ile Değişik Hızlarda Yürüme ve Koşu Sırasında M. Vastus Lateralis ve M. Gastrocnemius Kaslarının Elektromyografik Değerleri. Spor Bilimleri III. Ulusal Kongresi Bildiri Özetleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Ankara. 34. 1994.
- Zhou, P., Rymer W. Z., Factors Governing the Form of the Relation Between Muscle Force and the EMG: A Simulation Study. J Neurophysiol 92: 2878–2886. 2004.
EFFECTS OF ELEVATED HEELS ON EMG ACTIVITIES OF VASTUS LATERALIS AND GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLES IN ISOMETRIC STRENGTH MEASUREMENT
Öz
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of elevated heels on EMG activities of vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius (GAST) muscles in isometric strength measurement. Ten physically active men subject (Age: 23.6±2 years, height: 177±4 cm, weight: 72.3±4 kg) were voluntarily participated in this study. The subject’s legs muscle strength were measured by using electronic dynamometer while the heels positioned 4 cm above the base or not in random order. And than EMG activation of VL and GAST muscles were recorded in this time. All data were expressed as mean and SD. The statistical significance of differences between groups was evaluated by using the Wilcoxon two-samples test. Pearson correlation was used to define the relation between variables and level of significance was set at p<0.05. As a results, there were not significant differences between two positions at both EMG activation of VL and GAST muscles and strength of legs (p>0.05). Besides, the results showed that there were significant correlations between two positions that isometric leg strength (0.78) and EMG activities of VL and GAST musles (0.86) (0.71) respectively (p<0.05). Consequently, this study showed that elevated heels when performing the squat exercise were not affect motor neuron activation of VL and GAST muscles, so that there were not significanf changes at strength production
Anahtar Kelimeler
Isometric strength measurement Electromyography Gastrocnemius Vastus lateralis Squat
Kaynakça
- Kuipers, H., Optimizing Sport Performance. Advances in the Evulation of Sports Training. Ed. Lamb, D. R., Murray, R. Cooper Pub. 1997.
- Heyward, V. H. Advanced Assessment & Exercise Prescription. 2. Edith, Human Kinetics Books Champaign, Illinois. 1991.
- Wilmore, J. H., Costil, D. L., Training for Sports and Activity. 2. Edith, Human Kinetics Pub. 1988.
- Gamble, J. N., The Injured Athlete. Strength and Conditioning for the Competitive Athlete. Edit: Kulund D.N. 2. Edition. London. J. B.Lippincontt Comp. 250-258. 1988.
- Beachle, T. R., Earle, R. W., Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. 2. Edith. Human Kinetics. 2000.
- Hannien, O., “Use of EMG in Sports Medicine”. The New Method For Ambulatory EMG Recording in Sports And Occupational Medicine. Ed. I. Karvonen. Kuopio. Mega Electronics Ltd. 17-24. 1989.
- Astrand, P. O., Rodahl, K., Textbook of Work Physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill. 341-384. 1987.
- http://moon.ouhsc.edu/dthompso/namics/mu.htm
- McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., Katch, V.L., Essentials of Exercise Physiology. 2. ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, London. 2000.
- Arheim, D. O., Modern Principles of Athletic Training. 2.Edition. Illinois; Human Kinetics Pub. 153-155. 1989.
- Eston, R., Reilly, T., Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual. Melbourne: E & FN Span. 1996.
- Aberrethy, B., Hanrahan, S. J., Kippers, V., Pandy, M. G. The Biophysical Foundations of Human Movement. 2. Edith. Human Kinetics. 2005.
- Petrofsky, J., Laymon, M., “The Relationship Between Muscle Temperature, MUAP Conduction Velocity and the Amplitude and Frequency Components of the Surface EMG During Isometric Contractions”. Basic Appl Myol 15 (2): 61-74. 2005.
- Vander, A. J., Sherman, J. H., Luciano, D. S., Human Physiology. Mechanic of Body Function. 3. Edith. New-York: McGraw-Hill Inc. 211-215. 1980.
- Ebersole, K. T., Malek, D. M., “Fatigue and the Electromechanical Efficiency of the Vastus Medialis and Vastus Lateralis Muscles”. J Athl Train. 43(2): 152–156. 2008.
- Clarys, J. P., Cabri, J., “Electromyography and the Study of Sports Movements.” Journal of Sports Sciences. 11. 379-448. 1993.
- Collins, J. J. Antagonistic-Synergistic Muscle Action at the Knee During Competitive Weightlifting. Med&Biol. Eng&Compt. 32 (2). 1994.
- Dionisio, V. C., Almeida, G. L., Duarte, M., Hirata, R. P., Kinematic, Kinetic and EMG Patterns During Downward Squatting. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2006.
- Escamilla, R. F., Fleisig, G. S., Zheng, N., Lander, J.E., Barrentine, S.W., Andrews, J.R., Bergemann, B.W., Moorman, C. T. Effect of Technique Variations on Knee Biomechanics During the Squat and Leg Press. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 33(9). 1552-1566. 2001.
- Sriwarno, A.B., Shimomura, Y., Iwanaga, K., Katsuura, T. “The effects of heel elevation on postural adjustment and activity of lower-extremity muscles during deep squatting-to-standing movement in normal subjects”. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 20: 31-38, 2008.
- http://www.3dhumanmotion.com/pdf/HMA-Heel%20Raised%20Squats.pdf
- Yessis, M. Kinesiology of Exercise. Master Pres. 1992.
- Kennedy P. M., Cresswell, A.G. The Effect of Muscle Length on Motor-Unit Recruitment During İsometric Plantar Flexion in Humans. Exp Brain Res. 137:58–64. 2001.
- Sriwarno, A. B., Shimomura, Y., Iwanaga, K., Katsuura, T., The Relation Between the Changes of Postural Achievement, Lower Limb Muscle Activities, and Balance Stability in Three Different Deep-squatting Postures. J Physiol Anthropol 27(1): 11–17. 2008.
- Coşkun, Y., Ergen, E., Hazır, T., Üç Farklı Ayakkabı ile Değişik Hızlarda Yürüme ve Koşu Sırasında M. Vastus Lateralis ve M. Gastrocnemius Kaslarının Elektromyografik Değerleri. Spor Bilimleri III. Ulusal Kongresi Bildiri Özetleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Ankara. 34. 1994.
- Zhou, P., Rymer W. Z., Factors Governing the Form of the Relation Between Muscle Force and the EMG: A Simulation Study. J Neurophysiol 92: 2878–2886. 2004.
Ayrıntılar
| Diğer ID | JA97PU27RE |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2009 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2009 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 |