アンディジャン蜂起とイシャーン

Abstract

The Andijan uprising had Qirgiz nomads who had been exposed to the threat of Russian settlers as its nucleus and was under the leadership of Ishan Madali who had established his position firmly as a local leader in the eastern part of Fargana in the 1880-90s. In the uprising the role played by the local Central Asian variant of Islam was large: this showed itself clearly in the fanatic gathering on the eve of the uprising (A.H. 1316. I. 9). Those participating in the uprising followed the tradition that had existed in the area since the ancient Turks and installed Madali as khan, performing the 'Ashura rites at the same time. These rites, having their origin in the Central Asian pre-Islamic beliefs, had their distinctive traits, but the motif of martyrdom occurring in them agrees with the conception of jihad-shahid found in the text of the pledge taken before the uprising. The participants probably selected the 'Ashura season as the time for the uprising on purpose; Madali's missionary activities were also related to the mazar groups that had an intimate connection with these rites. To see the Central Asian local variant of Islam (Ishanizm) as one of the origins of the energy behind the uprising is probably not mistaken.