1. Introduction
The negotiation between the city and the railroad is important in the recently increasing "development around station". It is because interests of the railroad who aims at securing its own profit and interests of the city with the purpose to secure the public welfare are opposed. In this research, the process in which the city and the railroad adjust their interests in order to develop railroad stations is clarified.
2. The issues between the city and the railroad
First of all, this research took a general view of the issues between the city and the railroad through newspaper articles. Articles concerning the bicycle-parking space and the free passage increased in recent years. The installation of these tends to be troublesome, because duties of the city and the railroad and expense distribution between them are not regulated by the present laws and rules yet. On the other hand, construction of the square in front of station is not disputable because the present laws and rules can adjust interests of the city and the railroad and regulate its design, equipment, and expense distribution, etc. Thus, when it comes to the issues in which the laws and rules cannot adjust interests, the city and the railroad have to negotiate each other in order to complete proposed projects. Then, this paper researched Hachioji City where a lot of development around station had been completed in order to see how these actual negotiations proceeded.
3. Negotiation between the city and the railroad in Hachioji City
Construction of the rear station building in 1949 and the free passage and the station department store in 1983 at Hachioji Station was a great issue between Hachioji City and Japanese National Railways (JNR). There is no law and rule regulating the installation of a rear station building and a free passage. Moreover, because installation of these does not necessarily contribute to the revenue growth, the railroad tended to be reluctant for the installation. Concerning installation of station department store, JNR had other choices of location than Hachioji Station, which made JNR a tough negotiator. In result, Hachioji City had to make a full use of personal connection through a council member who was once a JNR employee, etc. Besides, Hachioji City assumed a favorable attitude toward JNR when a protest campaign arose against JNR's construction plan of the new oil terminal and the pipeline construction, which could finally lead JNR to cooperate for the installation of the free passage and the station department store.
It was also necessary for Hachioji City to develop each station of Keio Electric Railway Co., Ltd. Moreover, because the Keio group runs most of the bus services in the city, Hachioji City had to persuade Keio group to cooperate for the construction of the new bus terminal and the maintenance of the bus services in deficit. One of the keys in these negotiations was the city's correspondence to the housing land development. The attitude of the city is important for the Keio group as a diversified company, because the Keio group is developing a lot of business in the city. Thus, Hachioji City operated the Outline for Housing Land Development favorably to the Keio group in order to accomplish the city's demands.
4. Conclusion
It cannot help bargaining between the city and the railroad for various conditions concerning the issues which the laws and rules cannot arrange, which causes a substantial delay and difficulty for the development. For instance, the dispute about the installation of bicycle-parking space became focused recently because it is one of the issues that the present laws and rules cannot arrange. The existence of these laws and rules will be crucial for the future progress of the development around station. Also, the progress of the development around station would be more clarified when the character of the railroad is well described.