The opinionaire survey was performed for the Symposium regarding the choice of the treatment for renal osteodystrophy at the 24th General Assembly of Japanese Society of Nephrology in October, 1981. Answers were contributed from 82 hospitals in almost every district of Japan. Number of patients was 7, 297. Medical treatment was adopted in 95.1% of hospitals and in 80% of patients. No medical treatment was performed in 14% of patients. Single therapy with either of 4 kinds of drugs (calcium compounds, aluminum hydroxide gel, vitamin D preparations or calcitonin) was chosen in 35% of patients. Aluminum hydroxide gel was preferred in 95.8%, vitamin D preparation in 81.0% of hospitals. la(OH)D3 was most frequently used among other vitamin D pre-parations. Daily dosage of la(OH)D3 ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 pg. Calcitonin was admin-istered at doses of 20 to 80 u.at the time of dialysis. As to combined treatment, the combination of aluminum hydroxide gel and vitamin D preparation was preferred in 97.3% of hospitals and 81.9% of patients. The combination of calcium and vitamin D prepara-tions was adopted in 27.0% of hospitals and 3.5% of patients and that of calcium pre-paration, aluminum hydroxide gel and vitamin D preparations in 9.5% of hospitals and 6.0% of patients. Partial parathyroidectomy was indicated when other treatments were ineffective in 51 hospitals.