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SUGGESTIONS ON ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS OF FRAUDULENT TRANSACTIONS MADE THROUGH PAYMENT SYSTEMS ON AVIATION SECTOR AS WELL AS INSPECTION AND PREVENTION OF SUCH TRANSACTIONS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 55, 185 - 220, 30.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.770525

Öz

The aviation sector is greatly important for the world economy thanks to the employment and the economic magnitude and value-added it provides. According to the IATA data, the sector produced a turnover of 850 billion dollars and the amount of fraud in the sector reached a serious amount of approximately 850 million U.S. dollars in the year 2018. In parallel with this increase in turnover in the sector, the financial instruments and payment systems have changed, and this situation has brought new fraud risks with it. The focus of the study is to examine the work done in the sector against these increasing fraud risks and to make suggestions to prevent these risks. The study, in its current form, is the first study that examines frauds in the aviation sector and includes measures to be taken, and its originality stems from this. At the end of the study, in parallel with the developments in the digital economy, the developments in sales channels and payment systems have brought great advantages to airlines, as well as serious security and fraud risks, and that the transactions to prevent these risks are carried out manually and the old rule sets are applied.

Kaynakça

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HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜNDE ÖDEME SİSTEMLERİ YOLUYLA YAPILAN DOLANDIRICILIK İŞLEMLERİNİN SEKTÖRE OLAN ETKİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ, DENETLENMESİ VE ÖNLENMESİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 55, 185 - 220, 30.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.770525

Öz

Havayolu sektörü hem sağladığı istihdam hem de ekonomik büyüklük ve katma değer açısından, dünya ekonomisi için büyük bir öneme sahiptir. IATA’nın verilerine göre, 2018 yılında sektörün cirosu 885 milyar ve sektördeki dolandırıcılık tutarı da yaklaşık 850 milyon Amerikan doları gibi ciddi bir tutara ulaşmıştır. Sektörde bu ciro artışına paralel olarak, kullanılan finansal enstrümanlar ve ödeme sistemleri değişmiş ve bu durum beraberinde yeni dolandırıcılık risklerini de getirmiştir. Çalışmanın odak noktası, artan bu dolandırıcılık risklerine karşı sektörde yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesi ve bu risklerin önlenmesi için öneriler getirilmesidir. Çalışma bu haliyle, havacılık sektöründeki dolandırıcılıkları inceleyen ve alınacak önlemlere yer veren ilk çalışma olup, özgünlüğü buradan kaynaklanmaktadır. Yapılan çalışma sonunda, dijital ekonomideki gelişmelere paralel olarak, satış kanallarında ve ödeme sistemlerinde ortaya çıkan gelişmelerin havayollarına büyük avantajlar sağlamakla beraber, ciddi anlamda güvenlik ve dolandırıcılık risklerini de beraberinde getirmiş olduğu ve bu riskleri önlemeye yönelik işlemlerin önemli oranda manuel olarak yürütülmekte olduğu ve eski kural setlerinin uygulandığı yönündedir.

Kaynakça

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  • Fraud.org (2019,1 Kasım). Scammers ruining travel plans by stealing victims’ frequent flyer miles., https://www. fraud.org/frequent_flyer_alert. adresinden alındı (06.06.2020).
  • Fuscaldo, D. (2018, 20 Eylül). Hackers have a new target: your frequent flyer miles. https://www.forbes.com/ sites/donnafuscaldo/2018/09/20/hackers-have-a-new-target-frequent-flyer-miles/#1c07fee31d7f adresinden alındı (06.06.2020).
  • Haq, R. (2010, 4 Ekim). Emirates employee in air miles fraud scheme. https://www.arabianindustry.com/ aviation/news/2010/oct/4/emirates-employee-in-air-miles-fraud-scheme-3750500/ adresinden alındı (06.06.2020).
  • Helsel, P. (2019, 14 Eylül). Travel agent scammed Delta out of $1.75M in frequent flyer miles, prosecutors say. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/travel-agent-scammed-delta-out-1-75m-frequent-flyermiles-n1054436 adresinden alındı (06.06.2020).
  • https://bkm.com.tr/internetten-yapilan-kartli-odeme-islemleri/ adresinden alındı (03.06.2020).
  • https://bkm.com.tr/pos-atm-kart-sayilari/ adresinden alındı (03.06.2020).
  • https://bkm.com.tr/yabanci-banka-kartlarinin-yurt-ici-kullanimi/ adresinden alındı (03.06.2020).
  • https://bkm.com.tr/yabanci-kredi-kartlarinin-yurt-ici-kullanimi/ adresinden alındı (03.06.2020).
  • https://bkm.com.tr/yerli-banka-kartlarinin-yurtici-ve-yurtdisi-kullanimi/ adresinden alındı (03.06.2020).
  • https://bkm.com.tr/yerli-kredi-kartlarinin-yurt-ici-ve-yurtdisi-kullanimi/ adresinden alındı (03.06.2020).
  • IATA. (2016). News brief: reducing fraudulent payment transactions. https://www.iata.org/en/pressroom/ pr/2016-01-07-01/ adresinden alındı (01.03.2020).
  • IATA (2016). Industry fraud prevention. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/airline-distribution/industryfraud-prevention-initiative/#tab-1 adresinden alındı ( 04.06.2020).
  • IATA (2016). Industry fraud prevention. https://www.iata.org/en/programs/airline-distribution/industryfraud-prevention-initiative/#tab-3 adresinden alındı ( 04.06.2020).
  • IATA. (2019, 11 Aralık). After challenging year, improvement expected for 2020. https://www.iata.org/en/ pressroom/pr/2019-12-11-01/ adresinden alındı (22.06.2020).
  • IATA (2019). Fraud prevention strengthening the defences. https://www.airlines.iata.org/analysis/fraudprevention-strengthening-the-defences adresinden alındı (06.03.2019).
  • IATA Perseuss (2020). https://www.iata.org/en/services/finance/perseuss/ adresinden alındı ( 04.06.2020).
  • Interpol. Airline ticket fraud. https://www.interpol.int/Crimes/Financial-crime/Airline-ticket-fraud adresinden alındı (05.06.2020).
  • Interpol, (2019, 27 Kasım). Airline ticket fraud: worldwide crackdown leads to 79 arrests. https://www.interpol. int/News-and-Events/News/2019/Airline-ticket-fraud-worldwide-crackdown-leads-to-79-arrests adresinden alındı (05.06.2020).
  • John, P. (2019, 3 Nisan). Miles are money... keeping ‘loyalty’ fraudsters at bay!. https://desktop.gulf-times.com/ story/627763/Miles-are-money-keeping-loyalty-fraudsters-at-bay adresinden alındı (06.06.2020).
  • Kijek, A. (2017). Fast facts about fraud detection in travel business. https://nethone.com/blog/travel-fraudinfographic/ adresinden alındı (01.03.2020).
  • Levens, S. (2017, 26 Mart). The battle against credit card fraud: cooperation between airlines and law enforcement is key to success. https://www.asi-mag.com/battle-credit-card-fraud-cooperation-airlineslaw-enforcement-key-success-2/ adresinden alındı (05.06.2020).
  • Locke, S. (2018, 7 Ekim). Hackers are now after your air miles to sell on the dark web. https://www.thenational.ae/ business/money/hackers-are-now-after-your-air-miles-to-sell-on-the-dark-web-1.777998 adresinden alındı (06.06.2020).
  • Lustosa, B. (2020, 27 Nisan). The true cost of e-commerce fraud. https://blog.clear.sale/the-true-cost-of-ecommerce-fraud adresinden alındı (05.06.2020).
  • Mavadiya, M. (2020, 26 Şubat). Buy now, pay later schemes to double their market share by 2023. Forbes. https:// www.forbes.com/sites/madhvimavadiya/2020/02/26/buy-now-pay-later-schemes-to-double-theirmarket-share-by-2023/amp/ adresinden alındı (01.03.2020).
  • National Fraud Authority (2013). Annual fraud indicator https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/206552/nfa-annual-fraud-indicator-2013.pdf adresinden alındı (15.06.2020).
  • Özcan, E. (2016). Ödeme sistemleri. https://fintechistanbul.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/072_Fintech_ Regulasyonlari_Odeme_Sistemleri_EOzcan_BDDK.pdf adresinden alındı ( 28.05.2020).
  • Paul, K. (2018, 22 Eylül). How hackers can drain your frequent flyer miles. https://www.marketwatch.com/ story/how-hackers-can-drain-your-frequent-flyer-miles-2018-09-20 adresinden alındı (06.06.2020).
  • Praetsch, R. (2017). Putting email at the core of digital identity. https://www.about-fraud.com/2017/10/12/ emailage-core-digital-identity/ adresinden alındı (05.06.2020).
  • Praetsch, R. (2019, 30 Ocak). Airlines need better anti-fraud data. https://thepaypers.com/expert-opinion/ airlines-need-better-anti-fraud-data—7771555 adresinden alındı (05.06.2020).
  • PSM Payment System Magazine (2014). Türkiye’nin dijital cüzdan haritası. http://www.psmmag.com/haber/ turkiyenin-dijital-cuzdan-haritasi/1100575 adresinden alındı (05.06.2020).
  • Sift (2019). ebook-the-future-of-travel-fraud-fighting. https://pages.siftscience.com/cs-pw-ebook-future-oftravel-fraud-fighting.html adresinden alındı (27.12.2019).
  • Silk, R. (2020, 2 Mart). Latest targets of fraudsters are hotel and airline loyalty points. https://www.travelweekly. com/Travel-News/Airline-News/Latest-targets-of-fraudsters-are-hotel-and-airline-loyalty-points adresinden alındı (06.06.2020).
  • Slotnick, D. (2019, 13 Eylül). A man was charged with fraudulently earning more than 42 million frequent-flyer miles worth $1.75 million. Sep 13, 2019. https://www.businessinsider.com/delta-frequent-flyer-milesfraud-gennady-podolsky-2019-9 adresinden alındı (13.09.2019).
  • Smith, C. (2014, 2 Temmuz). Chart: shipping costs are a top reason people abandon their shopping cart. Jul 2, 2014. http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-shipping-costs-are-a-top-reason-people-abandon-theirshopping-cart-2014-7 adresinden alındı (10.01.2020).
  • Smith, M. (2014). Loyalty fraud trends and developments. Travel Payments Insider. March (1). 3-7. https:// cf.uatp.com/files/uploads/PDF/Travel-Payments-Insider-Issue1.pdf adresinden alındı (06.06.2020).
  • Sorrels, M. (2019, 3 Haziran). Travel payments, part 1: beyond credit cards and cash. June 3, 2019. https://www. phocuswire.com/Payments-month-part-1-alternative-payment-models adresinden alındı (05.06.2020).
  • Sorrels, M. (2019, 10 Haziran). Travel payments, part 2: balancing friction and risk in fighting fraud. June 10, 2019. https://www.phocuswire.com/Payments-month-part-2-fraud adresinden alındı (05.06.2020).
  • Şekerli, E. B. (2019). Ticari havayolu taşımacılığı sektöründe makine öğrenmesi uygulamalarının incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi. 22 (2), 405-419.
  • TCMB (2014). Ödeme sistemleri Türkiye’de ödeme sistemleri. Ankara.
  • The Guardian (2004). Airport worker jailed for air miles fraud. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/ jun/03/theairlineindustry.uknews adresinden alındı (06.06.2020).
  • The Nilson Report (2018). https://nilsonreport.com/upload/pdf/Payment_Card_Fraud_Losses_Reach_.pdf adresinden alındı (03.06.2020).
  • The Nilson Report (2019). https://nilsonreport.com/upload/pdf/Payment_Card_Fraud_Losses_Reach_.pdf adresinden alındı (03.06.2020).
  • TÜİK hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması, 2011-2019. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_ id=1028 adresinden alındı (03.06.2020).
  • UK Finance (2019). Faud The Facts 2019. https://www.ukfinance.org.uk/system/files/Fraud%20The%20 Facts%202019%20-%20FINAL%20ONLINE.pdf adresinden alındı (04.06.2020).
  • Ünlü, U. (2018). İnternet bankacılığı sisteminde tüketicilerin karşılaşacağı olası saldırılar ve çözüm önerileri. Bankacılar Dergisi. 104, 82-96.
  • Visa (2014). Managing payment card fraud a guide for airlines. http://www.aeropay.eu/wp-content/ uploads/2017/07/visa-airline-fraud-guide.pdf adresinden alındı (05.06.2020).
  • Visa (2018) Loyalty fraud management. https://www.visa.com.co/dam/VCOM/regional/lac/SPA/Default/ Documents/PDFs/loyalty-fraud-management-01.pdf adresinden alındı (10.04.2020).
  • World Payments Report (2019). https://worldpaymentsreport.com/ adresinden alındı (19.06.2020).
  • Worldpay (2019). Global payments report. http://offers.worldpayglobal.com/rs/850-JOA-856/images/ Global%20Payments%20Report_Digital%202018.pdf adresinden alındı (19.06.2020).
  • Worldpay (2020, January) Global Payment Report. http://offers.worldpayglobal.com/rs/850-JOA-856/images/GPR- 2020.pdfmkt_tok=eyJpIjoiWm1SalpEUXhOelEyWkdZeiIsInQiOiJXbXVmdHZ4OFJuNXlyM2cxbWRMUGliZThRU044RnBQbUVZdGJkdDNrdUxkMU1SSGl3NmRGOVFsSXhlRDVuV1dvNXFaSTVra2ZJZFFZWmI4SUN3R0ZkQ3h2M2IrUktLOHcrZGhBaHduN2FidmlPRWpNYlBLMFJmYUFUaXpPQ0ZzYiJ9 adresinden alındı (27.06.2020).
  • Yalçın, F. (2018). Mobil cüzdan dünyası ve en sık kullanılan uygulamalar. https://fintechistanbul.org/2018/08/31/ mobil-cuzdan-dunyasi-ve-en-sik-kullanilan-uygulamalar/ adresinden alındı (01.06.2020).
  • Yeşilyurt H. (2015). Finansal hizmet sektöründe siber güvenlik riskleri ve çözüm yolları: ödeme sistemleri ve tedarik zinciri bütünlüğü. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 13 (2), 97-120.
  • Yılmaz, A. (2015). Türkiye’deki dolandırıcılık tipolojileri: dolandırıcılık olaylarının kategorik tasnifi ve yapılış şekilleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-Dergisi. 12, 1-24. https://www.researchgate. net/publication/301565138_Turkiye’deki_Dolandiricilik_Tipolojileri_Dolandiricilik_Olaylarinin_ Kategorik_Tasnifi_ve_Yapilis_Sekilleri_The_Fraud_Typologies_in_Turkey_The_Categorical_ Classifications_and_Methods_of_Frauds adresinden alındı (23.12.2019).
  • Zengin, B. & Güngördü, A. (2013). Elektronik ödeme sistemlerinin olası etkileri üzerine bir inceleme. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 15 (3), 129-150.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makale Başvuru
Yazarlar

Zekeriya Demir 0000-0001-8390-2031

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 55

Kaynak Göster

APA Demir, Z. (2021). HAVAYOLU SEKTÖRÜNDE ÖDEME SİSTEMLERİ YOLUYLA YAPILAN DOLANDIRICILIK İŞLEMLERİNİN SEKTÖRE OLAN ETKİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ, DENETLENMESİ VE ÖNLENMESİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER. Öneri Dergisi, 16(55), 185-220. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.770525

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