MAdCAM-1 costimulation in the presence of retinoic acid and TGF-β promotes HIV infection and differentiation of CD4+ T cells into CCR5+ TRM-like cells
Fig 7
HIV infection following costimulation in the presence of RA and TGF-β.
(A) Schematic of infection time course. (B) Representative flow cytometry dot plot indicating HIV infection of CD4+ T cells costimulated with CD28 Ab, VCAM-1 or MAdCAM-1 in the presence of RA and TGF-β (Y-axis: CD69, X-axis: CD103). p24+ cells shown in red. (C) Average number of p24+ cells in the CD69+/CD103+ population of CD4+ T cells following costimulation as in B (n = 10). (D) Representative dot plot of CD4 downregulation in p24+ cells. X-axis: p24, Y-axis: CD4. (**: P < 0.01, two-tailed t test).