Glycine-serine-rich effector PstGSRE4 in Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici inhibits the activity of copper zinc superoxide dismutase to modulate immunity in wheat
Fig 2
Overexpression of PstGSRE4 significantly increases virulence of Pst and reduces H2O2 accumulation in wheat.
(A) Phenotypes of the second leaves of the third generation of wheat plants at 14 dpi with Pst. (B) Relative transcript levels of PstGSRE4 in different transgenic lines at 48 hpi with Pst. Values represent the means ± SE (n = 3). (C) Ratio of fungal to wheat nuclear content determined using the contents of fungal PstEF1 and wheat TaEF-1α genes, respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from the second leaf from three different plants at 14 dpi. Values represent the means ± SE (n = 3). (D) Content of H2O2 in different transgenic lines at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hpi. Values represent the means ± SE of three independent samples. (E) Quantification of necrotic cell death area in different transgenic lines at 48 hpi. Values represent the means ± SE (n = 20). Differences were assessed using Student’s t-test. Asterisk indicates P < 0.05, and double asterisk indicates P < 0.01.