Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 entry, inflammation and new therapeutics in human lung tissue cells
Fig 4
Antiviral assays with discordant results between models.
(A). Percentage of viral entry in VeroE6 and HLT cells exposed to VSV*ΔG(Luc)-Spike in the presence of camostat, valaciclovir, phenformin, eriodictyol and quercetin. Drugs were used at concentrations ranging from 100μM to 0.256 nM, in VeroE6, and to 0.8μM in lung cells. Non-linear fit model with variable response curve from at least three independent experiments in replicates is shown (red lines). Cytotoxic effect on VeroE6 cells and HLT exposed to drug concentrations in the absence of virus is also shown (green lines). (B). EC50 values of each drug in VeroE6 and HLT cells. (C). CC50 values of each drug are shown for VeroE6 and HLT cells. (D). Percentage of viral entry in HLT cells exposed to VSV*ΔG(Luc)-Spike-delta and VSV*ΔG(Luc)-Spike-D614G variants in the presence of ivermectin, camostat, hydroxychloroquine, cepharanthine and ciclesonide. Drugs were used at concentrations ranging from 100μM to 0.8μM. (E) Number of viral genomes/μl at 24h and 48h after infection with replication-competent SARS-CoV-2. (F). Percentage of viral replication in the presence of 20μM of camostat, cepharanthine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and ciclesonide after infection with replication-competent SARS-CoV-2. Mean±SEM is shown. Data in panel 4F were analyzed by one sample t-test; *p<0.05, **p<0.01.