A New Zebrafish Model of Oro-Intestinal Pathogen Colonization Reveals a Key Role for Adhesion in Protection by Probiotic Bacteria
Figure 4
Characterization of the gnotobiotic zebrafish larva immune response to E. ictaluri infection.
Kinetics of inflammation marker expression in zebrafish larvae. qRT-PCR was performed using primers specific to il1b (A), tnfa (B), il22 (C) and il10 (D) (inflammation markers) on RNA extracted from pools of germ-free zebrafish larvae or larvae exposed to E. coli MG1655 (control) or E. ictaluri at 1, 2, and 3 days post-infection or heat-killed 3 dpi E. ictaluri. Levels were standardized to levels of uninfected axenic fish, presented results are mean±SEMof three biological replicates. Asterisks indicate significant difference determined by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001). E. Localization of il1b expression in zebrafish larvae performed by in situ hybridization on whole-mounted zebrafish larvae treated at 3 dpi.