Cell-Specific IRF-3 Responses Protect against West Nile Virus Infection by Interferon-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms
Figure 4
The Effect of IRF-3 on ISG54, ISG56, RIG-I, and MDA5 Expression in Macrophages
(A) Whole cell lysates were generated at the indicated times from wild-type or IRF-3−/− macrophages that were uninfected (U), infected with WNV (W), or pretreated with 100 IU/ml of IFN-β (Pre). Protein levels of ISG54 and GAPDH were examined by immunoblot analysis.
(B) Total RNA was harvested from WNV-infected macrophages and mRNA levels of ISG56 were quantified by qRT-PCR as described in Figure 2. Data are expressed as relative fold induction over uninfected IRF-3−/− cells. Asterisks indicate differences that are statistically significant (**, p < 0.005).
(C) Whole cell lysates were generated at the indicated times from wild-type or IRF-3−/− macrophages that were uninfected (U) or infected with WNV (W) for 12 or 24 h. Protein levels of RIG-I, MDA5, and GAPDH were examined by immunoblot analysis