Regulation of the phagocytic activity of astrocytes by neuroimmune mediators endogenous to the central nervous system
Fig 3
Effects of immune mediators on the human astrocytic cell toxicity towards neuronal cells and their secretion of GM-CSF and L-glutamate.
Human U118 MG astrocytic cells were treated with the immune mediators shown on the x-axis or their vehicle solution (PBS, Control), followed by transfer of their supernatants 48 h later to human SH-SY5Y neuronal cell cultures (A, B). The MTT assay was used to determine the viability of astrocytic cells (B) immediately after the transfer of supernatants. Neuronal cell viability was measured by the MTT assay after 72 h incubation with astrocytic cell supernatants (A). An ELISA was used to measure the concentration of GM-CSF (C) in cell culture supernatants, while an enzymatic assay was used to measure the concentration of L-glutamate in supernatants (D). Data from five (A, B) or six (C, D) independent experiments are presented as means ± SEM. The limits of detection for the ELISA and glutamate assay are shown as dotted lines. * P < 0.05, according to the paired Student’s t-test followed by Holm-Šídák’s correction for multiple comparisons (A, C).