Anti-inflammatory effects of progesterone through NF-κB and MAPK pathway in lipopolysaccharide- or Escherichia coli-stimulated bovine endometrial stromal cells
Fig 2
Progesterone treatment attenuated gene expression of inflammatory mediators in primary bovine endometrial stromal cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or heat-killed E. coli.
The mRNA expressions of IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, TNF, NOS2, and PTGS2 were assessed by qPCR (normalized to ACTB). A. Unstimulated cells were treated with 1, 3, and 5 ng/mL progesterone for 12 h. B. Cells were cotreated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide and progesterone (1, 3, and 5 ng/mL) for 12 and 24 h. C. Time-course changes in inflammatory gene expressions in cells treated with 1×108 CFU/mL heat-killed E. coli for 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 h. D. Cells were cotreated with 1×108 CFU/mL heat-killed E. coli and progesterone (1, 3, and 5 ng/mL) for 18 and 24 h. LPS, lipopolysaccharide. All data were presented as means ± SEM (n ≥ 3). * P < 0.05, difference compared with the control; # P < 0.05, difference compared with the LPS group.