CardiOvascular examination in awake Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus): Low-stress Echocardiography including Speckle Tracking imaging (the COOLEST method)
Fig 5
Representative speckle tracking imaging examination performed from the apical 5-chamber view in a Borneo orangutan.
As described in Fig 3 for the apical 4-chamber view, the left ventricular endocardial border has been traced and a region of interest including left ventricular myocardial walls has been automatically drawn. Six equidistant myocardial segments have been defined. Fig A shows on the right the 6 left ventricular longitudinal strain versus time curves (corresponding to the 6 myocardial segments) during a single cardiac cycle. This representative case demonstrates that all the 6 LV segments undergo a relatively homogenous systolic myocardial shortening during systole (negative strain), with the corresponding color map below displaying the change in strain over time in each segment during the same single cardiac cycle, and with the peak systolic strain displayed in each segment on the two-dimensional color-coded view (left). Fig B shows the mean left ventricular longitudinal strain versus time curve. In this case, the peak systolic strain value (StS5chv) is—20.8%. The global left ventricular systolic strain is then assessed by averaging mean peak systolic strain values obtained from the apical 4- and 5-chamber view, i.e., StS4chv and StS5chv, respectively. LA: left atrium; LV: left ventricle.